Precision health is a relatively new scientific research area and so is artificial intelligence (AI). They both reshape our approach to human health by improving all areas from prevention, to diagnostics and treatment to supporting community well-being. Using the scientific databases of Scopus and Google Scholar, the paper conducts a bibliographic analysis of the body of work that brings together precision health and AI. After the first few publications in the mid 1990s, the area has become very active reaching 3,340 papers in 2025. A country analysis is also conducted which shows that authors from the USA contribute the bulk (86%) of the work in this interdisciplinary field. The institutional analysis further highlights that universities around the world generate 76% of the publications. A further analysis is conducted about the use of big data. The findings raise the question how advanced health practice is in embracing precision health and AI. Ethical issues and possible responses are discussed.

Background & Objective: Osimertinib has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in treating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance remains inevitable, necessitating novel combination strategies. This study investigated whether the natural compound Caesalpinia sappan and its major bioactive compound, protosappanin B, could enhance the anticancer efficacy of osimertinib and overcome acquired resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Methods: The synergistic effects of C. sappan and osimertinib were evaluated using an osimertinib-resistant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model (YHIM-1053) and its corresponding cell line (YU-1096). Cell viability, colony formation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell-cycle progression were assessed. Protein expression and interactions within the p53 signaling pathway were analyzed by Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. The in vivo efficacy and toxicity of the combination were tested in the YHIM-1053 PDX model. Results: Combination treatment with C. sappan and osimertinib markedly reduced cell viability and colony formation, induced G0/G1 arrest through downregulation of CDK4 and CCND1, and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, the combination restored tumor-suppressor signaling by modulating the GSK-3β/MDM2/p53 axis, leading to p53 stabilization and activation. In vivo, the combination significantly suppressed tumor growth in PDX models without systemic toxicity. The crude C. sappan extract exhibited greater efficacy than protosappanin B alone. Conclusion: C. sappan enhances osimertinib efficacy in resistant NSCLC by reactivating p53 signaling via GSK-3β/MDM2 modulation. The findings offer a promising phytochemical-integrated strategy against osimertinib resistance.

Abstract: Gen Z is speeding up a transformation that the food and health sectors have been slow to address. As the first generation raised with constant digital input, real-time biometrics and AI-driven tools, they expect food, wellness and nutrition to be personalised, data-based and able to adapt quickly. Their behaviour is pushing AI-enabled food innovation, from AlphaFold-supported protein design to generative AI meal planning and precision fermentation, out of research settings and into everyday consumer demand. This presentation looks at how Gen Z’s digital habits - self-tracking, microbiome testing, AI-curated diets and a comfort with sharing and interpreting data - are reshaping expectations of what food should deliver for health and performance. At the same time, the real-world evidence behind precision nutrition reveals major challenges: unreliable wearable data, opaque algorithms, commercial influence and weak governance around food-related data. The Gen Z effect is not only technological; it is cultural. This generation is quick to abandon traditional nutrition advice, long-established brands and institutional authority when they fall short on transparency or scientific credibility. Understanding this shift is essential for turning precision health into practical solutions and for building food systems that can meet the expectations of a generation demanding more - from science, from technology and from the truth.

Abstract The transition from generalized dietary guidelines to Precision Nutrition represents a fundamental shift in managing global health, requiring the sophisticated processing of complex and diverse data streams. As Artificial Intelligence becomes the central engine for identifying effective nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, and functional foods, the technical challenge evolves from simple classification to the robust fusion of disparate data modalities. This talk provides a deep technical dive into AI architectures tailored for precision health interventions. Building on the interdisciplinary research at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Computing Science (CICS), Navrachana University, we detail the rigorous technical pipeline required to navigate the challenges of acquiring, cleaning, and modeling heterogeneous clinical data. We examine the deployment of TabNet and TabR for structured biomarkers, utilizing their sparse attention mechanisms to handle the feature sparsity inherent in clinical records. The application of Transformer-based LLMs and Domain-Specific Embeddings to extract latent insights from unstructured dietary logs, alongside Vision Transformers (ViT) for the accurate identification of functional food components and physiological markers. By merging these senses through a strategy of Multimodal Intermediate Fusion, it can mitigate the risk of modality collapse and ensure model accuracy even in data-sparse environments. By standardizing these advanced deep learning pipelines, one can move from raw data challenges to scalable, personalized nutrition interventions that effectively reduce disease risk on a global scale.

Abstract Artificial intelligence is no longer a futuristic concept in healthcare — it is already reshaping how we diagnose, treat, and predict disease. Yet its full potential, particularly in precision health, remains largely unrealized. This talk explores the pivotal role AI can play in transforming healthcare delivery, not as a replacement for clinical judgment, but as a powerful tool that augments it. We begin by examining where AI is already making a difference — from medical imaging and early disease detection to personalized treatment recommendations — and why these advances matter for precision health specifically. We then honestly confront the challenges that slow progress: data quality and heterogeneity, lack of interpretability in complex models, regulatory uncertainty, and the difficulty of building clinical trust in algorithmic outputs. Drawing on ongoing interdisciplinary projects at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Computing Science (CICS), Navrachana University, India, we present real examples of applying machine learning to clinical data and medical images to improve diagnostic and prognostic decision-making. These projects reflect our belief that meaningful AI in healthcare is built at the boundary between computer science and clinical practice — not within either discipline alone. The talk closes with an open invitation for collaboration across research, data, and academic exchange.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, largely due to high recurrence rates following primary debulking surgery with platinum-based chemotherapy. Approximately 80% of patients experience relapse within 18 months, highlighting the critical role of chemoresistance driven by intratumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironmental dynamics. Conventional bulk sequencing approaches fail to capture spatially organized molecular programs contributing to chemoresistance. We initially developed two-dimensional transcriptomic model predicting the chemoresistance using five best fit DNN models together with ensembel model, more than 90 % accuracy. Next we have been exploring an integrated spatial multi-omics framework, investigating the mechanisms of chemoresistance in HGSOC. using SLACS (spatially resolved laser activated cell sorting system) platform enabling transcriptome-wide profiling while preserving tissue architecture. These data were combined with spatial proteomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, and clonal evolution analysis using CNV inference and SNV. Transcriptomic prediction models for platinum sensitivity were developed using deep neural network approaches trained on multi-cohort datasets including TCGA and institutional biobank samples. In parallel, spatial transcriptomic and radiogenomic data were integrated to identify molecular programs associated with recurrence. Spatial analysis revealed distinct tumor and stromal niches associated with platinum resistance. Key recurrence-associated interaction pathways will be discussed including TNF-α/NF-κB signaling, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), G2/M checkpoint activation, proliferative pathways and immune-related pathways. Deep learning–based transcriptomic models successfully predicted platinum sensitivity using a panel of essential genes derived from large datasets. Spatial omics technologies provide critical insights into the spatial organization of chemoresistant niches and tumor evolution in ovarian cancer. Integrating spatial transcriptomics and clonal analysis enables a comprehensive framework for biomarker discovery, patient stratification, and precision therapy design. These findings support the development of spatially informed predictive assays and targeted therapeutic strategies for refractory ovarian cancer.양식의 맨 아래

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulatory nodes within cellular signaling networks, orchestrating gene expression and functional outputs across diverse physiological and pathological contexts. Unlike conventional signaling molecules, lncRNAs operate through multimodal mechanisms, including scaffolds, guides, decoys, and effectors, enabling them to integrate transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional regulation within dynamic cellular environments. In this presentation, we outline a unifying framework for lncRNA-mediated signaling that links structural complexity to functional versatility and to network-level control of cellular homeostasis. We highlight how dysregulated lncRNA signaling contributes to disease pathogenesis across cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, positioning lncRNAs as central mediators of context-dependent signaling rewiring. We further discuss the translational potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets and propose developing integrative, network-based models that incorporate lncRNA signaling to enable biomarker-guided stratification and precision intervention. Collectively, this work positions lncRNAs as central integrators of cellular and systemic signaling, providing a conceptual and translational bridge from molecular networks to precision health.

Abstract A high-quality prenatal diet is associated with improved birth outcomes as well as improved child development. However, globally many women consume poor quality diets during pregnancy. Whereas supplementation and fortification programs have successfully improved outcomes for some populations, a food-based approach may be more appropriate in other populations. The PEAPOD-2 study, a food-based dietary intervention, provided personalized dietary interventions for pregnant women and was designed to assess dietary intake, skin carotenoid levels, and gut microbiota composition and diversity in the third trimester of pregnancy. Women chose intervention foods from a selection of high fiber, carotenoid-rich foods. Data was collected pre- and post-intervention. Participant engagement scores were calculated, with engagement high throughout the study period with a slight decrease in engagement detected across the 10-day intervention period. Regardless of participant engagement score, the intervention increased carotenoid levels but had minimal impact on gut microbiota composition and diversity. Diet quality also remained stable across the study period. Thus, this food-based intervention increased skin carotenoid levels, an important biomarker of overall fruit and vegetable intake. Future food-based interventions during pregnancy should incorporate initial report-back of an easily measured biomarker, such as skin carotenoids, as well as ensuring participant choice in intervention foods in order to achieve precision health.

meiringb@tut.ac.za Precision health aims to design dietary strategies that reflect inter-individual variability in metabolism, microbiome composition, environment, and lifestyle. The food matrix is a critical determinant of nutrient release, bioaccessibility, and digestion behaviour, with nutritionally similar foods often producing markedly different outcomes depending on their structural properties and processing histories. This has implications not only for nutritional value but also for potential exposure to naturally occurring toxins. This presentation explores starch properties, protein quality, digestion and nutrient release behaviour, sensory attributes, and health relevance, drawing on contemporary precision nutrition literature and case studies from recent investigations of matrices relevant to African food systems. Cultural food practices, affordability, and dietary transitions shape nutritional realities, particularly in populations facing the simultaneous burdens of undernutrition, hidden hunger, and obesity. Emerging evidence shows that fungal mycelia, plant-based ingredients, and hybrid protein systems exhibit matrix-dependent differences in flavour-active metabolites, amino acid profiles, and functional characteristics—factors that intersect with nutritional performance, sustainability, and consumer acceptance. When viewed within the broader landscape of precision health research, encompassing omics, microbiome variation, and data-enabled dietary analysis, matrix-aware perspectives offer valuable complementary insights for developing context-specific, population-relevant nutrition strategies. Finally, key opportunities for advancing precision-health-aligned food design will be outlined, including improved nutrient utilisation, enhanced sensory quality, reduced environmental burden, the strategic incorporation of underutilised African crops, and pathways that support sustainable and culturally meaningful protein innovation. The aim is to connect robust scientific evidence with practical routes for collaboration across the food-science, nutrition, and precision-health communities.

Understanding complex disease biology requires precise identification of the specific cells that drive pathological processes within intact tissue environments. However, conventional bulk and even many spatial omics approaches remain limited in their ability to directly isolate and functionally characterize these critical cellular populations. Here, we present Spatially-resolved Laser Activated Cell Sorting (SLACS), a novel technology that enables the direct isolation of phenotypically defined cells from intact tissue sections while preserving spatial context. SLACS integrates high-resolution imaging with laser-based selection to extract targeted cells based on multiplexed molecular markers and morphological features. This approach allows for downstream multi-omic analyses, including transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, of precisely defined cellular subsets. We demonstrate the application of SLACS in oncology, where rare and spatially distinct tumor-associated cell populations were isolated and profiled. Our results reveal distinct molecular signatures in microenvironment-specific cell populations, uncovering potential therapeutic targets and mechanisms of disease progression that are not detectable using conventional dissociation-based methods. By enabling direct access to disease-driving cells within their native spatial context, SLACS provides a powerful platform for advancing precision medicine, target discovery, and translational research. This technology bridges the gap between spatial information and functional cellular analysis, offering new opportunities for understanding complex biological systems.

1 Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland. 2 Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland. 3 Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland. 4 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland. 5 Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics (C-1), Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland. 6 Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland. 7 Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Al. Jana Kochanowskiego 10/12/14, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland Abstract Dietary phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory activity are increasingly recognized as important components of precision health strategies aimed at preventing chronic inflammation-associated diseases. Among them, betalains represent a unique group of edible pigments exhibiting antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. This study developed a precision platform for the sustainable production of phytochemically standardized, betalain-rich biomass from Basella alba f. rubra, an edible species naturally abundant in gomphrenin-type betalains with documented health-promoting activity. Clonal propagation and regeneration protocols were established using in vitro tissue and cell cultures. Biomass production and specialized metabolite accumulation were optimized through controlled LED illumination, including photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), combined with selected plant growth regulators. PAR conditions together with 6-benzylaminopurine markedly enhanced shoot proliferation and betalain accumulation, whereas kinetin stimulated adventitious root formation. Liquid cultures generated substantially higher biomass than solid media. Phytochemical profiling using LC-MS and spectrophotometric analyses confirmed the presence of betanin, isobetanin, gomphrenin, isogomphrenin and their glycosylated derivatives. Shoots were particularly rich in betalains, while roots accumulated phenolic acids and flavonoids, including kaempferol and apigenin derivatives, providing complementary pools of health-promoting phytochemicals. The biological activity of the gomphrenin-enriched fraction and crude extract were evaluated using NHDF, L929 and LPS-stimulated THP-1 cell models. The phytochemically characterized fraction and extract exhibited low cytotoxicity and effectively attenuated inflammatory responses by reducing reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production, inhibiting NF-κB and cyclooxygenase activity, and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. These findings are consistent with the previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity of betalain-rich fractions from B. alba fruits. The developed in vitro production platform enables the reproducible generation of edible, health-promoting phytochemicals and provides a sustainable source of functional ingredients with potential applications in precision nutrition, functional foods, and prevention-oriented healthcare.

Abstract Hybrid foods, composed of plant or fungal matter and animal matter, represent an innovative and sustainable food solution for adapting to the global food transition. The degree of interaction between plant and animal compounds governs the food's structural cohesion and texture. In the context of designing a liver/lentil hybrid food. we hypothesized that the level of protein denaturation could regulate the level of interaction between proteins and, consequently, modulate the food's texture. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the denaturation temperatures of lentils proteins and liver albumin which were 85 °C and 80 °C, respectively. We then evaluated the rheological properties and microstructure of thermal gels from 5% protein solutions at 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 and 100:0 lentils proteins: liver albumin ratios. The mixed-protein combinations showed synergistic interactions. Up to a lentil protein concentration of 50%, the mixed gels exhibited a more compact and structured network than gels made from pure lentil protein. They displayed a stable elastic structure and increased resistance to deformation. The use of atomic force microscopy coupled with force spectroscopy demonstrated that the thermal denaturation of the proteins enhanced their degree of interaction, likely resulting from the formation of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. This work indicates that the texture of hybrid foods can be modulated by adjusting the degree of protein denaturation. This approach can also be used to ensure better cohesion of layers in 3D-printed foods. Finally, while we have focused on proteins so far, other compounds such as carbohydrates (fiber, starch) or lipids can also be involved in modulating texture, and the processes could also affect their degree of interaction with other food molecules.

Abstract The growing global population, environmental concerns, and increasing awareness of health-related issues associated with excessive meat consumption have intensified the search for sustainable dietary alternatives. Meat analogues, also known as plant-based or alternative meat products, have emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. Designed to mimic the sensory characteristics, texture, and nutritional profile of conventional meat, meat analogues are typically produced from plant proteins such as soy, pea, wheat, and other novel protein sources. From an environmental perspective, the production of meat analogues generally requires fewer natural resources, including land, water, and energy, and is associated with lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional livestock production. Consequently, these products represent a sustainable option for the food industry as it seeks to reduce its environmental footprint and respond to the growing demand for environmentally responsible food systems. In addition to their environmental benefits, meat analogues may contribute positively to human health and nutrition. Many plant-based meat alternatives contain lower levels of saturated fat and cholesterol while providing valuable nutrients such as dietary fiber, plant proteins, vitamins, and minerals. When properly formulated, these products can support balanced diets and may help reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases linked to high consumption of red and processed meat. This paper explores the role of meat analogues as a sustainable and health-conscious alternative within the modern food industry. It discusses their production technologies, nutritional characteristics, environmental advantages, and the challenges related to consumer acceptance, product quality, and regulatory frameworks. Overall, meat analogues represent a promising direction for developing sustainable food systems that support both environmental protection and human health.

Abstract: Precision medicine represents a paradigm shift from generalized treatment strategies to individualized care, guided by molecular signatures and patient-specific profiles. My research has focused on identifying novel biomarkers—proteomic, metabolomic, and microRNA signatures—that distinguish clinical responders in reproductive medicine, as well as developing cost-effective genotyping assays for HPV in the Indian context. These studies highlight the importance of integrating high-resolution omics platforms with clinical data to refine diagnosis, predict therapeutic outcomes, and minimize adverse effects. By combining insights from circadian gene regulation, drug–target interaction mapping, and non-invasive diagnostic development, our work builds a foundation for personalized interventions in infertility, oncology, and public health. The creation of molecular libraries and validated assays not only advances clinical precision but also informs national health programs, ensuring accessibility and relevance in diverse populations. This talk will illustrate how translational research bridges laboratory discoveries with patient care, moving us closer to a future where medicine is predictive, preventive, and personalized.

Abstract Obesity presents a significant challenge to the modern society, imposing a substantial burden on health systems and individuals alike. Nowadays, more than a billion people globally are considered obese, a condition that does not solely refer to weight management but rather to mitigating its far-reaching consequences on healthspan and lifespan. Individuals diagnosed with obesity are predisposed to comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic complications often referred to as metabolic syndrome. Most importantly, obesity is associated with a reduction in disease-free years, an excess risk of premature death, and accelerated aging. On the other hand, we live in a rapidly aging world, with an expectancy of more than a 2 billion people aged 65 years (or older) by 2050, alongside a rising proportion of age-related diseases. Thus, both obesity and ageing are, per se, different sides of the same coin and represent healthcare burden on our society. The development of strategies targeting both of these processes now becomes a challenge for science. Central to this pursuit is the recognition that metabolic health serves as a cornerstone for both healthy weight maintenance and prolonged lifespan. Additionally, key molecular pathways attributed to nutrient signalling that are implicated in obesity progression, intersect with those fundamental to longevity, suggesting potential shared targets for intervention. Utilizing the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, along with combining omics and molecular pharmacology approaches, our research focuses on the discovery of natural products that target shared and highly conserved pathways. Through our approach, we aim not only to mitigate the adverse effects of obesity, but also to uncover novel strategies for promoting healthspan and longevity.

Acknowledgements: Author acknowledges financial support from the European Regional Development Fund through Programme Research Innovation and Digitalisation for Smart Transformation, Grant agreement № BG16RFPR002-1.014-0003-C01.

Background: Food safety and precision nutrition both depend on more than scientific innovation. New technologies, digital tools, and evidence-based recommendations only have impact when people understand, trust, and use them in practice. A human factors approach helps explain why gaps often remain between innovation and real-world adoption. Main Abstract/Study: This talk will share lessons from my human factors research and Extension program in food safety. The presentation will feature three lines of work. First, an AI chatbot study examined the reliability of chatbot responses to consumer food safety questions and raised questions about how digital tools should be evaluated before they are used in public education. Second, a study on the documentary Poisoned explored how media exposure shapes young adults’ trust in food system actors and their perceptions of food risk. Third, eye-tracking studies on food safety labels and warning messages showed how visibility, wording, and design influence whether consumers notice and process safety information. Together, these studies show that food safety communication is not only about providing accurate information. It also requires attention to trust, perceived relevance, user experience, practical barriers, and the context in which people make decisions. Learning Objectives: By the end of this talk, participants will be able to: 1. Explain how human factors shape food safety decision-making and adoption. 2. Describe how digital tools, media, and label design influence trust and risk perception. 3. Identify ways to design food safety and nutrition communication that supports real-world practice. Significance: These lessons are relevant to precision nutrition because personalized guidance and emerging technologies must be usable, trusted, and feasible. A human factors approach can help move innovation from research into meaningful practice.

Abstract Vitis vinifera L. (grape) leaves are rich in phytochemicals, particularly phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavanones, and anthocyanins. These bioactive compounds are associated with several pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of different storage conditions—freezing and canning, including preservation in brine water and salted oil—for periods of 3 and 6 months on total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and the phytochemical composition of three V. vinifera varieties (Batuni, Halawani, and Zeni). The total phenolic content (TPC) of fresh leaves varied among the three V. vinifera varieties, with Batuni showing the highest TPC (547.44 ± 13.82 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW), followed by Zeni and Halawani 499.67 ± 44.61 and 450.78 ± 47.24 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW, respectively. Storage conditions affected TPC variably. Batuni leaves TPC was highest after three months in salted oil (534.11 ± 117.88 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW) and after six months in brine water (535.22 ± 82.22 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW). Halawani leaves showed the highest TPC after three months in brine water (434.11 ± 44.43 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW) and after six months in salted oil (685.78 ± 63.95 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW). In Zeni leaves, TPC was highest after three months in brine water (477.44 ± 66.22 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW) and after six months in salted oil (406.89 ± 22.16 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW). The antioxidant scavenging activity of grapevine fresh leaves, evaluated using DPPH● and ABTS●+ assays, showed that Batuni leaves had the highest DPPH● (86.69 ± 1.56%) and ABTS●+ (93.28 ± 0.75%) scavenging activities followed by Zeni and Halawani leaves. The effect of storage conditions on antioxidant capacities varied depending on the leaves variety and storage duration. In Batuni leaves, freezing maintained the highest activity after three and six months, with DPPH● scavenging at (70.88 ± 0.66%) and (81.90 ± 5.89%) and ABTS●+ at (86.04 ± 0.37%) and (95.83 ± 1.6%), respectively. For Halawani leaves, freezing gave the highest activity at three months DPPH● (28.10 ± 2.11%; ABTS●+( 81.83 ± 1.27%), whereas after six months, the salted oil method was superior DPPH● (83.92 ± 1.82%); ABTS●+ (98.30 ± 0.2%). In Zeni leaves, brine water preservation resulted in the highest activity at three months DPPH● (68.86 ± 2.15%); ABTS●+ (82.01 ± 1.64%), while after six months, both freezing and salted oil maintained high antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis of ethanolic extracts V. vinifera leaves revealed that Batuni leaves contained the richest variety of phytochemicals, with eight major compounds identified, followed by Halawani and Zeni leaves, each with five compounds. The effect of storage conditions and period on these compounds varied across varieties; some compounds disappeared, others declined in concentration, while certain compounds showed an increase over the storage period. In conclusion, these findings indicated that no single storage method is universally optimal; rather, the effectiveness depends on the grapevine variety and the intended storage duration.

Plants used in human nutrition and medicine represent a rich and still underexplored reservoir of bioactive compounds relevant to disease prevention and treatment. Re-exploring dietary and medicinal plants represents a valuable approach for the discovery and characterization of novel therapeutic potential. For instance, Morus alba (white mulberry) leaves represent an important source of structurally diverse metabolites, including prenylated flavonoids. Extracts of white mulberry leaves, as well as isolated prenylflavonoids such as morusin and kuwanon G, have demonstrated synergy with various antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria, including MRSA, as well as the ability to reverse antimicrobial resistance. Our assays revealed similar effects for coriander and ajwain essential oils, as well as for the pure phytochemicals linalool, thymol, xanthohumol, and 8-prenylnaringenin. Cornus mas (Cornelian cherry), Sorbus aucuparia (rowanberry), and Viburnum opulus (European cranberrybush, guelder rose) are plants with well-known nutritional value. Among them, the fruit extract of Viburnum opulus showed significant biological effects in studies of vascular reactivity, arginase inhibition, and platelet aggregation. Apart from other Crataegus species, Crataegus pentagyna (small-flowered black hawthorn) remains underexplored with regard to its cardiovascular benefits. Our studies have revealed a positive impact on NO production, along with a reduction in ROS level and angiogenesis in human endothelial cells, as well as vasorelaxant, anti-platelet, and anti-arginase activities. Our recent studies have identified the hulls of Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat) as a noteworthy source of bioactive compounds, making this food waste a valuable product for the synthesis of functionalized silver nanoparticles with activity against human melanoma.

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) is a plant indigenous to Indonesia. Its leaves are frequently consumed, either raw or as cooked vegetables. The heat applied during cooking can alter the leaves' physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics. This study aimed to determine the volatile, non-volatile compounds, and sensory profiles of Katuk leaves after domestic heating methods (steaming and boiling). Volatile compounds were analyzed using the headspace-solid phase microextraction method, followed by identification through GC-MS. Non-volatile compounds were examined using UPLC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Sensory profile analysis was conducted using the free choice profiling method with 22 untrained panellists. The analysis identified 16 volatile compounds in Katuk leaves, categorized into 7 groups: aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, benzenes, terpenoids and esters. Additionally, 40 non-volatile compounds were detected, falling into groups: secondary metabolites, lipids, amino acids, peptides, vitamins, carbohydrates, and nucleotides. Furthermore, fresh Katuk leaves exhibited a grassy and earthy aroma, while boiled samples were smooth and juicy texture. Steamed Katuk leaves, on the other hand, were described as moist, tender, and relatively tasteless. In summary, domestic cooking methods can alter the composition of both volatile and non-volatile compounds, consequently influencing the sensory profiles.

4Dept of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, and Dept of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA; 5Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA *Corresponding and Presenting author: Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MACN, CNS, FRSM, CFFS, FISNFF, MAIChE.

Abstract Background: Glycation of serum albumins, frequently occurring in a hyperglycemic physiological milieu, is a spontaneous irreversible process which results in non-native aggregation, amyloid formation and subsequent cytotoxicity. Fenugreek seed extract is a proven phytotherapeutic which arrests hyperglycemia and improves glycemic control by increasing both carbohydrate absorption and insulin sensitivity. Objectives: The present study investigated the effect of a standardized fenugreek seed extract in arresting Methyl Glyoxal (MGO) induced glycation and subsequent amyloid formation in Bovine and Human Serum Albumins (BSA and HSA). Parallelly, the studies also explored the differential structural changes inflicted by MGO on these two serum albumins. Methods: BSA and HSA (200–300 μM) were glycated with 50 mM MGO at 37°C in presence and absence of a 5 mg/ml 30% (v/v) ethanolic extract of fenugreek seed. Progression of glycation was monitored with Advanced Glycation End product (AGE) fluorescence and amyloidogenic transformation was assessed by Thio-T fluorescence. Glycation and amyloid arresting potential of fenugreek seed extract was ascertained by determining percent inhibition of AGE formation and Thio-T binding. Aggregation of the glycated adducts was assessed with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Native PAGE and fluorescence Anisotropy of protein-FITC conjugates. Further structural insights were also obtained using Intrinsic Tryptophan Fluorescence, ANS binding and investigation of CD spectra. Results: AGE fluorescence of BSA was measured till 13 days for BSA and till 10th day for HSA beyond which their structures collapsed significantly. Subsequent amyloid formation was highest on the 5th day for BSA and 4th day for HSA indicating that amyloidogenic potential didn’t coincide completely with AGE formation for both the proteins. Inclusion of fenugreek seed extract was found to arrest AGE fluorescence of both BSA and HSA by close to 85% throughout the entire period of glycation. However, the extent of protection against Thio-T binding was markedly different being 48% and 88% respectively for BSA and HSA. Corresponding structural investigations utilizing DLS, TEM, Native PAGE and anisotropy revealed that glycation induced aggregation of MGO-adducts of BSA were much more enhanced and stronger as compared with those formed in case of HSA. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence also suggested differential structural modulation by virtue of glycation. HSA’s lone tryptophan emission underwent both hypochromic and bathochromic shift which suggested glycation induced denaturation of the protein with exposure of the internal tryptophan to the solvent accessible surface of the protein. However, in case of BSA, fluorescence intensity was reduced significantly without any appreciable peak shift which might be attributable to loss of fluorescence due to enhanced aggregation. ANS fluorescence went down with an increasing period of glycation for both the proteins which suggested that glycation induced aggregation was distinctly different from thermal aggregation since the latter resulted in increase of fluorescence intensity along with increased time of incubation as a result of denaturation induced exposure of hydrophobic interface. Conclusion: The results cumulatively suggested that the higher protection offered by fenugreek seed extract to HSA against its amyloidogenic transformation was probably attributable to its less strong aggregation (as compared to BSA). The data provided significant insights to understand diabetes associated cognitive ailments.

1Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria. 2Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria. 3Enleo Solutions, Ede, Gelderland, The Netherlands. *Corresponding Author Email: kunle.oni@fuoye.edu.ng Abstract Pineapple rind is an agro-waste of paramount value, It aids digestion and also been linked to the reduction of intestinal parasites, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. The rind includes high levels of nutritional fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, and enzymes, making it an excellent addition to a variety of foods. Hence, the potential of pineapple rind as a great source of nutrients in the composite flours made from wheat and soy-cheese for bread production were investigated. Samples were prepared using a blend of wheat flour, soy-cheese flour, and pineapple rind flour in the following ratios: 91:5:4, 82:10:8, 73:15:12, and 64:20:16 while 100% wheat flour served as control. Physical, texture, engineering properties of the flour blends and sensory acceptability of the bread were evaluated. The bread density ranged from 0.333 to 0.374 g/ml. The bread density increased with increased proportion of soy-cheese with 0.345 g/ml in the 91% wheat+5% soy-cheese+ 4% pineapple rind blend and 0.374 g/ml in the 64% wheat+20% soycheese+ 16% pineapple rind blend. Baking loss ranged from 3.28% to 6.03%. Baking loss decreased with increased substitution of wheat flour with soy-cheese and pineapple rind. The bread with the highest substitution (64% wheat) exhibited highest baking loss (3.28%); while 6.03% was obtained for 100% wheat bread. The bread weight ranged between 128.77 g and 137.63 g. The highest weight was recorded for wheat substitution at 64% while least weight was obtained for 100% wheat bread. Loaf volume ranged between 368.19 ml and 380.27 ml. There was no crack recorded for the bread irrespective of the level of substitution. The total starch content ranged between 37.88% and 70.11%. The starch content of the loaf decreased with increased wheat substituion. The inclusion of soy-cheese and pineapple rind caused a decrease in adhesiveness and springiness of the bread whereas, cohesiveness increased with higher substitution of wheat flour. Furthermore, the substitution of soy-cheese and pineapple rind at higher level caused reduction in specific volume of the bread. Conversely, an increase in bread hardness and dough density was obtained at higher substitution of wheat flour. For the sensory characteristics of the bread, the Taste ranged from 8.45 – 6.20, colour (7 – 7.88), texture (6.75 - 7.75), and general acceptability (6.60 – 8.65). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in taste, colour and texture of loaf up to 18% substitution. All the bread samples scored above 6.0 on 9-point hedonic scale, which was an indication of high acceptability of the formulated enriched bread. However, addition of soy-cheese and pineapple rind decreased the sensory scores progressively. The fortification enhanced the bread’s density, weight and reduced baking loss, which could be of economic advantage in term of net weight.

Abstract East Asian populations have historically consumed fermented seasonings such as soy paste (miso), soy sauce (shoyu), and fish sauce, yet the molecular basis of their health benefits remains unclear. In this study, we focused on modified short-chain peptides—2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs), β-aspartyl peptides, γ-glutamyl peptides, and pyroglutamyl peptides—that are abundant in these fermented foods. Comprehensive LC-MS/MS analysis identified more than 90 peptides in these seasonings, with modified peptides predominating. Oral administration studies in rodent models revealed that, unlike normal linear peptides, modified peptides exhibited remarkably high bioavailability, reaching 10–400 nM in plasma, with some DKPs exceeding 1 µM. Functionally, DKPs enhanced macrophage phagocytosis under basal conditions while suppressing LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production—demonstrating a dual immunomodulatory effect. Importantly, these immunomodulatory effects were observed at concentrations comparable to those detected in blood after ingestion of these fermented foods. These actions were partially inhibited by a CaSR antagonist, suggesting involvement of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). In addition, certain pyroglutamyl peptides enhanced host antimicrobial peptide secretion in the gut, and β-aspartyl peptides exhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. These findings indicate that modified peptides naturally enriched in East Asian fermented seasonings may contribute to a unique immune profile characterized by enhanced innate defense and restrained inflammatory responses. This provides a novel molecular hypothesis for the lower prevalence of inflammatory diseases and stronger infection resilience observed in East Asian populations.

rimas.vebnskutonis@ktu.lt Large quantities of fruit-processing by-products are generated globally every year. There is an urgent need to develop efficient processes to valorize such by-products into higher-added-value ingredients. Pressing juice from small fruits (berries) generates large amounts of pomace (approx. 30% of the total fruit dry mass), which consists of valuable health-beneficial substances, including lipophilic and hydrophilic bioactive compounds and dietary fiber [1, 2]. This study developed efficient methods for recovering the lipophilic fraction from various small-fruit pomaces, namely raspberry, black currant, chokeberry, bilberry, sea-buckthorn, guelder-rose berry, cranberry, lingonberry, blackberry, strawberry, sour cherry, elderberry, and rowanberry. Supercritical fluid extraction using pure CO2, with the addition of the co-solvent ethanol, was used as a green extraction method for this purpose. Firstly, the main extraction parameters, including pressure, temperature, time, and particle size, were optimized to maximize the recovery of lipophilic substances. Afterward, the possibilities of fractionation of lipids in the extraction system separators were investigated by changing the thermodynamic solubility of different recovered compounds at various temperatures, from -30 to 10 C. Extraction and fractionation were performed from the whole dried pomace and mechanically separated fractions, seeds, and skins with pulp residues. Fatty acids, triacylglycerols, tocopherols, phytosterols, and carotenoids were analyzed by liquid chromatography with various detection and quantification systems. Under optimal conditions, extract yields from whole pomace ranged from 3% (chokeberry) to 20% (raspberry), while the separated seed fraction yielded up to 26%. The oils consisted mainly of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic and α-linolenic, and were rich in lipophilic bioactive microconstituents such as tocopherols, phytosterols, and carotenoids. Black currant pomace oil was also rich in g-linolenic acid, while sea-buckthorn skin and pulp oils contained a large percentage of palmitoleic acid (omega-7). Fractionation of lipophilic substances in the separators enabled the obtaining of fractions with 2-10 times higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, which may find application in functional foods and nutraceuticals. It may be concluded that green extraction/fractionation processes are promising methods for producing healthy ingredients from fruit waste.

Abstract There is a growing interest to enhance the health benefits of foods by adding plant-based bioactive compounds. The bioactive compounds can improve human health performance by regulate human health levels in preventing and treating chronic diseases. It has been well investigated that the uptake of the bioactive molecules in the form of extracellular vesicles (Ev) can enhance the functional bioactivity into targeted cell. Indonesia is rich of citrus species. The variety and part of plant are affecting the physicochemical properties of plant derived extracellular vesicles. In this work, the extracellular vesicles from various citrus family were characterized, including “Jeruk keprok” (Citrus reticulata), “jeruk nipis” (Citrus aurantifolia), “jeruk Medan” (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), “jeruk pomelo” (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.), “jeruk lemon lokal” (Citrus lemon (L.) Osbeck) dan “jeruk purut” (Citrus hystrix) have been selected for further investigation since each of them having different phytochemical profiles, particularly the composition of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. The plant derived extracellular vesicles has been measured for their capability to inhibit the stress oxidative through cellular model assessments. Moreover, the Ev of jeruk keprok’ (Citrus reticulata) peels, has been particularly investigate for the anti-atherosclerosis and anti-inflammation capacities.

Abstract This study aimed to develop and evaluate an egg white rice-shaped analogue (EWR) as a functional staple food for weight management, integrating product development, sensory acceptability under practical cooking conditions, and clinical efficacy in both acute and long-term settings. The product was successfully scaled up from laboratory to industrial production, maintaining structural integrity after retort sterilization and demonstrating good shelf stability. Sensory evaluation across common cooking methods showed high consumer acceptability, particularly in terms of texture, softness, and overall liking, supporting its feasibility as a culturally compatible rice substitute. Acute metabolic effects were assessed in a randomized, controlled, three-way crossover trial in 21 healthy men. Compared with alginate rice (AR) and white rice (WR), EWR significantly enhanced satiety hormone responses, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), attenuated postprandial glucose excursions, and improved antioxidant status. These physiological effects were accompanied by a reduction in energy intake at the subsequent meal by approximately 15–18%. Long-term clinical efficacy was further evaluated in an 8-week intervention in individuals with overweight and obesity. Replacing dietary carbohydrates with EWR resulted in significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, fat mass, and waist–hip circumference. Improvements in metabolic biomarkers, including triglycerides and total cholesterol, were also observed, along with reduced daily energy intake and enhanced quality of life. In conclusion, EWR represents a scalable and consumer-acceptable functional food innovation that bridges product development and clinical application. Its ability to enhance satiety, reduce energy intake, and improve metabolic outcomes highlights its potential as a practical dietary strategy for weight management and obesity prevention. Key words: Egg white rice analogue; Rice-shaped functional food; Satiety hormones; Postprandial metabolism; Weight management

Abstract This study investigated the synergistic effects of ultrasound-assisted soaking (UAS) and vacuum impregnation (VI) using lemon pomace extracts (LPE) on the physicochemical, sensory, and safety profiles of Robusta and decaffeinated coffee. Results showed that UAS significantly promoted the penetration of bioactive precursors (D-xylose, L-leucine, and organic acids from LPE) into green beans, facilitating the formation of flavor-active Maillard compounds. Specifically, ultrasound-assisted extraction enhanced the release of volatiles, increasing total abundance while reducing pH, droplet size, and viscosity (p < 0.05). Notably, LPE treatment via VI successfully introduced terpenes—typically characteristic of Arabica—into Robusta coffee, significantly improving flavor balance and sensory quality as confirmed by electronic tongue analysis, which showed enhanced sweetness and sourness. Furthermore, the combined treatment increased total phenolic and flavonoid contents while effectively mitigating the formation of potentially harmful Maillard intermediates, such as alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and furans. These findings demonstrate that integrating ultrasound and vacuum-assisted LPE impregnation is a highly effective strategy for enhancing the functional and sensory attributes of coffee while ensuring chemical safety.

(1) Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health; L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. (2) Multiomics Data Science Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health; L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg. (3) Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg; L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. (4) National Cytometry Platform, Translational Medicine Operation Hub, Luxembourg Institute of Health; L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. (5) NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health; L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; *claudia.cerella@lih.lu; alessandro.michelucci@lih.lu Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, driven by local and systemic immunosuppression that undermines current treatment regimens and prevents effective immunotherapy. A key barrier to precision medicine in GBM is the lack of non-invasive biomarkers that reflect disease specific immune states. Peripheral blood offers an accessible source. Yet the clinical relevance of the systemic immune landscape of GBM remains overlooked. We profiled peripheral blood mononuclear cells from treatment-naïve GBM patients and healthy donors using an integrated pipeline combining mass cytometry, flow cytometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Computational trajectory inference, gene regulatory network analysis, and cell-cell communication modelling were applied to reconstruct the circulating immune landscape and link states to the tumor microenvironment. Our studies identified marked reprogramming of the circulating myeloid compartment, with expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and heterogeneous modulation of classical monocyte subset frequencies. Trajectory analyses identified a differentiation continuum across subsets, positioning MDSCs as an intermediate state between antigen-presenting and metabolically reprogrammed monocytes. When integrated with public GBM datasets, antigen-presenting monocytes exhibited transcriptional programs consistent with tumor migratory capacity and a macrophage precursor identity. Across subsets, monocytes shared a “GBM-driven signature” characterized by low MHC class II expression, altered cell-cell communication and upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators, including IL1R2 and CD163. Notably, complementary myeloid expression signatures were identified across patients, indicating distinct systemic immune phenotypes. Lymphoid cells (CD4⁺ T, NK, and CD56⁺ T cells) were reduced in frequency but showed modest transcriptional changes compared with the myeloid compartment. These findings reveal coordinated systemic immune reprogramming in GBM that redirects effective antigen-presenting monocytes toward tumor-supportive infiltration and drives peripheral expansion of primitive immunosuppressive myeloid subsets. By integrating high-dimensional single-cell data with multi-omics analysis in a real-world single-center cohort, this study identifies circulating immune signatures as a framework for patient stratification, therapy monitoring, and personalized restoration of anti-tumor immunity.

E-mail address: emmanuvel@bdu.ac.in Abstract: Over the last 50 years, laboratories around the world analyzed the pharmacological effect of Bacopa monniera extract in different dimensions, especially as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer. Studies in animal model evidenced that bacopa treatment can attenuate dementia and enhances memory. Further, they demonstrate that bacopa primarily acts via either anti-oxidant mechanism (i.e. neuroprotection) or alters different neurotransmitters [serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), Dopamine (DA), Acetylcholine (ACh), γ - amino butyric acid (GABA)] to execute the pharmacological effect. Among them, 5-HT has been shown to fine tune the neural plasticity, which is a substrate for memory formation. This review focuses on the studies which trace the effect of bacopa treatment on serotonergic system and 5-HT mediated key molecular changes that are associated with memory formation.

Puget Sound Family Health, 711 Court A #100, Tacoma, WA 98405. Telemedicine across Washington State Nationwide & international consultations. Email: contact@drstephanieyang.com Abstract Difficulty focusing is a common concern across all ages that can impair work, learning, and quality of life. Research links cognitive performance with sleep, mental health, nutrition and the gut–brain axis, hormonal factors, and environmental exposures. Yet evidence across these areas is often studied—and applied—in isolation, leaving clinicians and patients with no clear way to connect the pieces.This case-based presentation addresses that gap through a whole-person framework that brings together four interconnected domains relevant to cognitive function: nutrition and gut health, hormonal health, mental health, and environmental health. Rather than assuming every patient requires extensive testing or treatment in every area, the framework begins with the patient’s story—using history and symptom patterns to identify potential root causes of cognitive symptoms and guide practical, evidence-informed care. A busy professional presented with difficulty focusing, chronic stress, insomnia, and low appetite. This case focuses on the mental-health pillar and identifies anxiety and sleep disruption as modifiable underlying drivers of her cognitive symptoms, alongside nutrition-related concerns. Targeted evaluation and validated screening clarified the clinical picture and informed an individualized plan integrating practical nutrition support, correction of nutrient insufficiencies, structured stress-regulation strategies, and selected adaptogenic botanical support. Within 8–12 weeks, she reported improved focus and task initiation, along with better mood, sleep, energy, and digestive symptoms. Her GAD-7 score decreased from 17 to 5, and her PHQ-9 score decreased from 11 to 2. This presentation illustrates how research in nutrition, lifestyle medicine, and botanical medicine can be translated into safe, actionable care—helping clinicians move from a complex symptom picture to more connected, patient-centered support for difficulty focusing.

Abstract Cognitive decline and dementia represent major global public health challenges, particularly in aging populations. Emerging evidence suggests that nutrition plays a central role in brain health through its influence on inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, gut microbiota composition, and neurodegenerative processes. Epidemiological studies consistently indicate that adherence to healthy dietary patterns, especially the Mediterranean diet, is associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Experimental and intervention studies further support the potential cognitive benefits of compounds such as anthocyanins, curcumin, flavan-3-ols, and resveratrol. Plant-derived foods rich in vitamins, fiber, and phytochemicals such as (poly)phenols appear to exert neuroprotective effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Specific (poly)phenols have been demonstrated to modulate neuronal signaling, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage. The presentation also highlights the emerging role of the gut–brain axis, emphasizing how fiber-rich and (poly)phenol-rich foods may influence cognitive health through microbiota-derived metabolites and immune modulation. Although current findings are promising, further long-term studies are needed to clarify causal mechanisms and optimize nutritional strategies for cognitive preservation. Given the increasing burden of cognitive impairment and the absence of effective curative therapies, nutrition-based preventive approaches may represent a sustainable strategy to promote healthy brain aging.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a serious societal concern due to memory impairment and disruptions to daily activities. AD therapeutic drugs, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine), and anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) antibodies (e.g., Lecanemab) have been developed to alleviate symptoms, but they do not offer a cure. The purpose of our study is, thus, is to prevent the progression of AD at the early stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by brain-beneficial foods. Thus far, several peptides to improve impaired cognition have been reported, whereas their bioavailability and mechanisms of action remain unclear, due to the strict regulation of substance transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Using ex vivo brain-perfusion experiments in mice, we identified that the dipeptide Tyr-Pro crosses the BBB and accumulates in the brain parenchyma. Furthermore, Tyr-Pro was found to be orally absorbed into the bloodstream, subsequently undergoing BBB transport. In an acute AD mouse model induced by Aβ injection, Tyr-Pro significantly improved memory impairment, suggesting its potential as an orally effective functional food. We also introduce our findings on: (1) bioavailability of Tyr-Pro in the brain after oral intake, and (2) its mechanism of action on the acetylcholine nervous system and on suppression of Aβ accumulation. We hope our research provides beneficial AD prevention strategy through the intake of brain-beneficial functional foods. References Tanaka M. et al. Sci Rep 9, 5769 (2019). Tanaka M. et al. npj Sci Food 4, 7 (2020). Cheng L. et al. Sci Rep 13, 16908 (2023) Cheng L. et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 72, 13 (2024).

Abstract: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a promising source of phenolic compounds for functional beverages, but variability in raw materials and processing can limit product consistency. This presentation integrates a series of studies into an end-to-end, data-driven framework linking green analytical method development, beverage processing, fermentation, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted quality control. Successive microwave-assisted extraction studies established validated reference methods for roselle phenolics and anthocyanins. The anthocyanin method achieved optimal recovery at 72 °C with 70% aqueous ethanol, a 40:1 solvent-to-solid ratio, and 15 min extraction, providing >98% recovery and precision below 6% CV. Ultrasound-assisted cold brewing was subsequently optimized at approximately 26 °C for 18 min using 30-mesh roselle and 78% ultrasound amplitude. The process efficiently recovered hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, delivered stronger antioxidant activity than conventional brewing, and maintained phenolic stability for five days. Fermentation was then optimized using 5 g roselle, 12% sucrose, and 25 g SCOBY, yielding 41.66 g SCOBY; chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-glucoside, and rutin were predominant, while antioxidant activity remained stable during cold storage. Finally, ATR-FTIR spectral fingerprints from 50 roselle powders were interpreted using supervised machine-learning and chemometric models. Elastic net classified cultivar and geographical origin with 96% and 92% accuracy, respectively, while partial least squares regression predicted chlorogenic acid with strong external performance (R²P = 0.9108) and generally <10% prediction deviation. Collectively, these publications establish a scalable platform combining green extraction, controlled bioprocessing, and AI-enabled rapid quality assessment to support standardized roselle functional beverages and future precision-nutrition research.

Abstract Precision health initiatives increasingly rely on artificial intelligence, large-scale dietary datasets, and biomarker profiling to generate individualized risk predictions and dietary guidance. However, many current models treat foods mainly as nutrient vectors defined by composition at the point of purchase. This overlooks a critical dimension of food quality and physiological relevance: food processing. Processing alters food structure, matrix integrity, particle size, thermal history, starch digestibility, protein functionality, and micronutrient stability. These changes can influence bioavailability, glycemic response, lipid oxidation, satiety, and other metabolic outcomes. As a result, foods with similar nutrient labels may produce different physiological effects because of differences in structure and processing conditions. Yet such variables are rarely incorporated into AI-based precision health models. This presentation examines the implications of this gap through a review of the literature, with particular attention to ongoing debates on ultra-processed foods and nutrient profiling systems that rely largely on compositional or categorical criteria. It argues that the predictive value and practical relevance of precision health models can be improved by integrating measurable processing parameters and indices of structural transformation alongside nutrient composition and biomarker data. A conceptual framework will be presented to illustrate how food engineering variables, real-world consumption patterns, and clinical response metrics may be integrated within AI-driven systems. By bringing the food matrix and processing dimension into precision health, the field can move beyond static classification toward more mechanistic, evidence-informed applications in public health, product reformulation, and sustainable food innovation.

The growing burden of antimicrobial resistance and vector-borne diseases necessitates the discovery of novel, safe, and sustainable therapeutic agents. Medicinal plants represent a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant potential for precision health applications. The present study evaluated the phytochemical composition and biological activities of hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica, Solanum virginianum, and Vachellia nilotica using an integrated experimental and computational framework. Hydro-alcoholic extraction proved superior to aqueous extraction in recovering diverse phytochemicals and bioactive constituents. Among the tested species, the hydro-alcoholic extract of Solanum virginianum yielded the highest extraction efficiency (32.33%) and demonstrated strong larvicidal activity, while Vachellia nilotica exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy, producing inhibition zones of approximately 51 mm at 5% concentration. The hydro-alcoholic extract of Azadirachta indica showed the greatest larvicidal potency with an LC₅₀ value of 1.22 mg/mL after 96 hours of exposure. Advanced LC–MS profiling identified multiple flavonoids, phenolic acids, glycoalkaloids, and related secondary metabolites. Subsequent bioavailability prediction, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, pathway enrichment, and network pharmacology analyses revealed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and strong interactions of these compounds with key biological targets involved in microbial pathogenicity and disease-related pathways. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of plant-derived metabolites and support their development as targeted antimicrobial and biopesticidal agents. The integration of phytochemical characterization with computational biology highlights a precision health approach for identifying and validating natural bioactive compounds. This study underscores the potential of medicinal plant-derived metabolites as sustainable alternatives for combating infectious diseases and promoting personalized, evidence-based therapeutic strategies in future healthcare systems.

Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) remains a critical challenge in precision medicine and preventive health, significantly driving frailty and functional decline in older adults. This pathological process is heavily fueled by inflammaging and cellular senescence. The persistent secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) disrupts the muscle microenvironment. Currently, no FDA-approved therapies exist. This study investigates a novel, cell-free precision intervention using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUC-MSC-Exos) to target and silence these deleterious aging cascades. hUC-MSCExos were isolated and rigorously characterized via nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. To simulate age-associated musculoskeletal deterioration, we established lipotoxicity by palmitic acid and replicative senescence in both murine (C2C12) and human skeletal muscle cells (HSkMC). Multi-parametric profiling was employed to systematically evaluate cytotoxicity, senescence markers, SASP cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6), myotube morphogenesis, oxidative stress, protein turnover and mitochondrial quality control (MQC). hUC-MSC-Exos demonstrated high biocompatibility with no-cytotoxicity, significantly rescuing cell viability under stress. Exosomal pre-treatment precisely intercepted senescence pathways, reducing SA-β-gal positivity and profoundly suppressing key pro-inflammatory SASP factors (TNF-α and IL-6). Functionally, hUC-MSC-Exos preserved myogenic differentiation by restoring master transcription factors (MyoD and myogenin), attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and preserving myotube formation. Mechanistically, hUC-MSC-Exos rebalanced protein homeostasis (proteostasis) by upregulating Akt-mTOR-p70S6K anabolic signaling while reciprocally inhibiting the FoxO1-Atrogin-1/MuRF1 catabolic pathway. Furthermore, exosomal cargo delivery successfully maintained mitochondrial network integrity, sustaining biogenesis and enhancing mitophagy under inflammaging challenges. Our findings establish hUC-MSC-Exos as a potent bio-inspired nanomedicine capable of precise microenvironment modulation in aging muscle cells. By silencing SASP cascades, rebalancing proteostasis, and restoring MQC at the cellular level, this study provides a solid mechanistic foundation for future pre-clinical translation. These insights pave the way for developing targeted, cell-free strategic interventions for the precision prevention and management of age-related sarcopenia. •

SASP, Mitochondrial Quality Control

Abstract Coffee is one of the most widely consumed stimulant beverages worldwide and has significant effects on individuals' physiological and psychological states. Its effects, particularly on sleep quality and stress levels, have been extensively researched in the fields of health and behavioral sciences in recent years. In this context, data-driven and machine learning approaches allow for a more objective and holistic examination of the relationships between coffee consumption and health indicators. This study investigates the effects of coffee consumption on individuals' sleep quality and stress levels using machine learning-based classification methods. Analyses were performed on the Global Coffee Health Dataset, containing 10,000 observations and a total of 16 features related to individuals' coffee consumption habits and health status. During the preprocessing phase, some features that were determined not to significantly contribute to classification performance were removed from the dataset, and analyses were conducted on the remaining features. This approach aims to reduce model complexity and increase classification accuracy. In this study, the target variables were "stress level" and "sleep quality" classes. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Logistic Regression (LR), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms were used to predict these classes. The results show that ANN, LR, and SVM models achieved 100% classification accuracy in stress level classification. This finding reveals that coffee consumption and related characteristics have a strong and distinctive effect on stress level. The kNN model, however, performed worse compared to the other methods. When examining the sleep quality classification results, the highest accuracy rate of 86.5% was achieved by the Logistic Regression model. Although ANN and SVM models produced competitive results in sleep quality classification, the LR method, which can model linear relationships more effectively, was more successful for this class. This indicates that characteristics related to sleep quality may exhibit linear trends. Correlation analysis was applied to understand the relationships between characteristics, and linear relationships between variables were evaluated. Additionally, an ANOVA test was used to determine which characteristics contributed most to the classification process. ANOVA results show that variables related to coffee consumption amount, consumption time, and individual lifestyle habits have statistically significant effects on stress levels and sleep quality. This study demonstrates that the effects of coffee consumption on stress and sleep can be modeled with high accuracy using machine learning methods, highlighting the importance of data-driven approaches in health-based behavioral analysis.

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRs) are pivotal regulators of gene expression, and their dysregulation is a fundamental hallmark of malignancy. Following our 2008 discovery of DNA methylation-mediated silencing of tumor-suppressive miRs (TS-miRs) in oral cancer, we have identified over 20 novel TS-miRs through functional screening. Among these, miR-634 has emerged as a "master regulator" of apoptosis, uniquely capable of simultaneously dismantling key cytoprotective networks, including mitochondrial homeostasis, anti-apoptotic signaling, antioxidant defenses, and autophagy. In this study, we demonstrate that enforced miR-634 expression robustly induces apoptosis and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy both in vitro and in vivo. To advance clinical translation, we validated lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated systemic delivery of miR-634. Intravenous administration of miR-634-LNPs significantly inhibited tumor growth in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer xenografts, highlighting its potential for treating recalcitrant systemic malignancies. Furthermore, we developed a novel topical ointment formulation for skin-invasive cancers. In both xenograft and carcinogen-induced mouse models of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), topical miR-634 application dramatically suppressed tumor progression without systemic toxicity. Expanding our evaluation to comparative oncology, intratumoral administration of miR-634 mimics in dogs with spontaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) yielded substantial antitumor effects with excellent safety profiles. These observations illustrate the extensive therapeutic potential of miR-634 as a powerful intervention strategy. Whether delivered systemically via LNPs or topically via ointment, miR-634 replacement therapy offers a promising new frontier for human and veterinary oncology, particularly in overcoming chemo-resistant and invasive malignancies.

4 Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Innovative Technologies and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Equipment for Urinary System Diseases, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China. 5 Westlake Centre for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China. 6 Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China. 7 Ningbo Clinical Research Centre for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China. *presenting author 2

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) risk stratification remains challenging due to the limited ability of prostate-specific antigen to distinguish indolent from clinically significant disease. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs), including large EVs, small EVs, exomeres, and supermeres, carry disease-relevant molecular cargo and may provide subtype-specific liquid biopsy biomarkers. This study investigated the proteomic landscape of plasma-derived EVP subpopulations for PCa risk stratification and metastasis monitoring. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from benign prostatic hyperplasia controls and patients with low-/intermediate-risk, high-risk, and metastatic PCa. Four EVP subpopulations including large EVs, small EVs, exomeres, and supermeres were isolated and characterised. Discovery proteomics was performed using label-free data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Candidate biomarkers were prioritised through differential expression analysis, pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction analysis and integration with public PCa gene expression, staging, and survival datasets. Selected candidates were validated using western blotting and ELISA in independent clinical cohorts. Results: Proteomic profiling identified distinct subtype-specific EVP protein signatures across PCa risk groups. A total of 3,935 proteins were identified, with 766 quantified across plasmaderived EVP subpopulations. Supermeres showed the most extensive proteomic dysregulation when comparing PCa with benign controls, while exomeres and supermeres demonstrated marked alterations associated with disease progression and metastatic status. Functional enrichment analyses implicated complement and coagulation cascades, proteasome activity, lipid metabolism, immune regulation, and tumour microenvironment remodelling. Integrative biomarker screening identified two subtype-specific EVP-associated protein candidates with strong potential clinical relevance. Validation by western blot confirmed differential enrichment of these candidates within their respective EVP subpopulations across PCa risk groups. Orthogonal validation by ELISA demonstrated strong discriminatory performance for distinguishing benign controls from PCa, including clinically localised, high-risk, and metastatic disease. Public cohort analysis further supported the prognostic relevance of the candidate biomarker signatures, with higher expression associated with poorer overall survival.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that plasma-derived EVP subpopulations contain clinically informative, subtype-specific proteomic signatures in PCa. The identified EVP-associated candidate proteins show promise as minimally invasive biomarkers for PCa risk stratification and metastatic disease monitoring. These findings support further validation of EVP-based liquid biopsy approaches in larger, multi-centre cohorts and highlight non-vesicular EVP subpopulations as underexplored reservoirs of translationally relevant cancer biomarkers.

Background & Objective: Osimertinib has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in treating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance remains inevitable, necessitating novel combination strategies. This study investigated whether the natural compound Caesalpinia sappan and its major bioactive compound, protosappanin B, could enhance the anticancer efficacy of osimertinib and overcome acquired resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Methods: The synergistic effects of C. sappan and osimertinib were evaluated using an osimertinib-resistant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model (YHIM-1053) and its corresponding cell line (YU-1096). Cell viability, colony formation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell-cycle progression were assessed. Protein expression and interactions within the p53 signaling pathway were analyzed by Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. The in vivo efficacy and toxicity of the combination were tested in the YHIM-1053 PDX model. Results: Combination treatment with C. sappan and osimertinib markedly reduced cell viability and colony formation, induced G0/G1 arrest through downregulation of CDK4 and CCND1, and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, the combination restored tumor-suppressor signaling by modulating the GSK-3β/MDM2/p53 axis, leading to p53 stabilization and activation. In vivo, the combination significantly suppressed tumor growth in PDX models without systemic toxicity. The crude C. sappan extract exhibited greater efficacy than protosappanin B alone. Conclusion: C. sappan enhances osimertinib efficacy in resistant NSCLC by reactivating p53 signaling via GSK-3β/MDM2 modulation. The findings offer a promising phytochemical-integrated strategy against osimertinib resistance.

Abstract Obesity is a major risk factor for ovarian cancer (OC), impacting tumor growth through intricate interactions between cancer cells and adipocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of particular interest in this context, as they are key regulators of gene expression and of processes involved in cancer initiation and progression. However, their role in the TME, specifically in adipocyte-driven tumor signaling, remains poorly defined. Here, we developed a transwell-based co-culture system to model adipocyte–ovarian cancer cell interactions under physiologically relevant conditions. The system integrates differentiated preadipocytes (PCS-210-010) with multiple high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines, including patient-derived tumor cells. Using this platform, we demonstrate that adipocyte-derived signals induce distinct lncRNA expression programs in ovarian cancer cells, suggesting a role for lncRNAs as mediators of metabolic–tumor communication. Ongoing analyses aim to define the functional impact of these adipocyte-induced lncRNAs on tumor progression and their potential as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Food processing is essential for food safety and quality but may also alter the nutritional and physiological effects of dietary proteins. We investigated whether the same protein source could exert different physiological effects depending on processing conditions, using soy protein isolate (SPI) as a model. SPI dispersed in water was treated at 121 °C for 20 min. High-temperature (HT) treatment increased insoluble protein and larger soluble peptides after in vitro digestion. In an acute oral administration study in mice, HT-treated SPI resulted in lower circulating free amino acid levels than untreated SPI, indicating reduced amino acid bioavailability. We further examined the effects of long-term intake in mice. Mice fed HT-treated SPI showed a significant reduction in peripheral serotonin levels to approximately 50% of those in mice fed untreated SPI, together with impaired social novelty recognition. In contrast, anxiety-like behavior, sociability, and circulating tryptophan levels were not significantly affected. These findings demonstrate that even with the same protein source, processing conditions can influence protein digestion, amino acid availability, peripheral serotonin levels, and behavior in mice. Because peripheral serotonin plays an important role in gastrointestinal physiology, these changes may also affect intestinal function. Further human studies are needed to determine whether high-temperature processing similarly influences protein utilization, serotonin metabolism, and gastrointestinal function. Keywords; High-temperature processing; Soy protein isolate; Protein digestibility; Peripheral serotonin; Social behavior Presenter e-mail address; asai.tomoko.6k@kyoto-u.ac.jp

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract Porang glucomannan (PGM), extracted from Amorphophallus oncophyllus, is a highly viscous polysaccharide with considerable potential as a functional food ingredient due to its high dietary fiber content and physiological benefits. However, its high molecular weight and viscosity may restrict broader food and nutraceutical applications. This paper summarizes our recent findings regarding the structural modification of PGM and the development of POG as a potential prebiotic ingredient. Enzymatic hydrolysis of PGM using β-mannanase produces POG primarily composed of 58% mannohexaose, 40% mannotriose, and 2% mannobiose, accompanied by reduced particle size and a more porous surface morphology compared with native PGM. Hydrolysis also substantially decreases molecular weight and viscosity while enhancing solubility and fermentability. These modifications enhance the ability of POG to stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in vitro, indicating improved prebiotic functionality compared with native PGM. In vivo analysis in rats revealed that POG supplementation modulates gut microbiota composition by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, including Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia. Moreover, the generation of low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides increases substrate accessibility for microbial fermentation and promotes short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The integrated findings highlight that structural modification plays a crucial role in enhancing the functional value of porang-derived glucomannan. Both PGM and POG exhibit promising potential for application in functional foods, gut health modulation, and nutraceutical development, supporting the utilization of indigenous Indonesian porang as a sustainable bioactive carbohydrate source for future health-oriented food systems.

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease closely tied to gut-skin axis disturbance, skin barrier dysfunction, and microbial dysregulation. Traditional DNCB-induced AD models poorly reflect clinical pathogenesis, whereas Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles (SA-EVs) trigger AD-like lesions via IL-17–dominant immune activation and skin microbial imbalance. Multi-omics analyses reveal distinct inflammatory pathways between SA-EVs and DNCB models. We show that Bifidobacterium longum AC15—including live, heat-inactivated, and extracellular vesicle forms—effectively alleviates AD phenotypes, reduces epidermal hyperplasia, lowers serum IgE, rebalances CD4+ T-cell subsets, and suppresses IL-17 signaling. These beneficial effects are linked to modulated gut microbiota and restored immune homeostasis via the gut-skin axis. Our findings support precision nutrition strategies using probiotics and their postbiotics as safe, dietary interventions to target the gut-skin axis and improve AD management.

Abstract Corn gluten meal was hydrolyzed with pepsin followed by centrifugation to collect the supernatant, which was labeled as the corn gluten meal protein hydrolysate (CGMH). CGMH was passed through a 1 kDa ultrafiltration membrane to collect the supernatant as the UF<1 kDa peptide fraction. The retentate was then passed through a 3 kDa membrane and the permeate collected as the UF1-3 kDa peptide fraction. CGMH, UF<1 kDa and UF1-3 kDa were tested for in vitro inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin activities, followed by a 6-week feeding to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Results showed that the UF1-3 kDa had a significantly (p<0.05) higher content of hydrophobic amino acids than the CGMH and UF<1 kDa based on sample weight. UF<1 kDa and UF1-3 kDa had significantly (p<0.05) higher in vitro inhibitions of renin and ACE activities than the CGMH. However, after 6 weeks of feeding, CGMH and UF<1 kDa and UF1-3 kDa all-produced similar reductions in systolic blood pressure of the SHRs, which were significantly lower than observed in the control rats that did not consume the corn peptides. The antihypertensive effect of CGMH and UF<1 kDa and UF1-3 kDa was positively related to significant reductions in plasma activities of ACE and renin when compared to the control rats. Untargeted metabolomics showed that the corn peptides upregulated levels of antihypertensive metabolites such as prostaglandin K2 and 11-ketotestosterone. In contrast, the levels of corticosterone, biotin, and plasma fatty acids were downregulated. The work revealed that in addition to inhibitions of renin and ACE activities, the antihypertensive mechanism of the corn peptides included modulation of the biosynthesis and metabolisms of fatty acids, sex hormones, and aldosterone.

Traditional Lebanese fermented products are valued for their distinctive sensory characteristics and potential health relevance, which are largely driven by complex microbial communities. This review aims to explore the available knowledge on the roles of microorganisms involved in the fermentation of traditional Lebanese foods, with emphasis on product quality, safety, and sensory attributes. A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR framework, with literature retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify key microorganisms associated with these products and their functional contributions. Five dairy products (laban, labneh ambaris, serdaleh, labneh el darf) and one non-dairy product (wine) were examined. Dominant species, including Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and Debaryomyces hansenii, were consistently associated with enhanced flavor complexity and textural properties. Lactic acid bacteria played a central role in acidification, inhibition of pathogenic contaminants, and overall microbiological safety, while antimicrobial metabolites contributed to shelf-life extension. Microbial safety was mainly linked to hurdle effects such as acidification and salting. However, available evidence remains limited, particularly regarding culture-independent community profiling, strain-level functional characterization, and non-dairy products. Future research should prioritize multi-omic approaches, strain-level functional assessment, evaluation of probiotic potential, and development of indigenous starter cultures to preserve authenticity while improving safety and functionality.

Plant-based dairy alternatives (PBDA) have gained popularity worldwide. This ongoing research aims to investigate the consumption patterns, motivations and perceptions associated with PBDA across multiple countries, with a particular focus on the perceived digestive and health benefits. The research is based on data from two large cross-sectional online surveys including 42,000 adults from 14 countries. The second surveyed 2,501 regular plant-based drink (PBD) users in the USA, UK and Germany and evaluated agreement with 113 product-benefit statements. Preliminary findings suggest that PBDA are no longer a niche product category with more than half of consumers (n=23,034/42,000) across 14 countries reporting consumption. Adoption was highest among Generation Z and Millennials and among individuals with allergies. Health was considered among the primary drivers for consumption. Digestive comfort emerged as a particularly important perceived benefit. More than 80% of PBD users perceived these products as easy to digest, light on the stomach and naturally lactose-free. These findings demonstrate the growing global relevance of PBDA and highlight digestive comfort as a key factor influencing consumer adoption. The results will inform product development, consumer communication, and public health nutrition strategies, with full findings to be presented at the conference.

The School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Excellent research center (PUI) Nutraceutical, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center (BBRC), Institut Teknologi Bandung, West Java Indonesia. 40132. PT. EBM Scitech, ITB Innovation Park, Gede Bage, Bandung, West Java Indonesia. Email: elfahmi@itb.ac.id Abstract Kratorm (Mytragyna speciosa) belonging to Rubiaceae family, is a rich alkaloid containing plant, grown in Borneo, Indonesia. It covers more than 90% of global market. Among alkaloids, mitragynine is very important compound. It has been used as ingredient for nutraceutical product in many countries and shown a more potential to be developed further for plant derived drug and advance nutraceutical. This compound has been reported to have pharmacological activities such as pain killer, sedative, reduce, energy sources, anti-arthritis, reduce the opioid dependent and other. We have developed the effective and efficient extraction, isolation and purification of mitragynine using both chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques. Several type of mitragynen fractions so called mit 50, mit 70, mit 80, mit 90 and pures mitragynin have been upscaled for production of starting material for finish nutraceutical products and exported to several countries. Further investigation on pharmacological and toxicological properties of mitragynine as well as the organic synthesis to provide its derivatives is still on progress. This will lead to a new drug discovery. Due to 7-OH mitragynine, another alkaloid from this plants, some countries do not legalize this plant and its compound, since it has the strong psychotropic properties, even stronger than m

Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains two main bioactive components, inulin-type fructan of β-(2,1) linkage (23∼28%) and organosulfur compounds (2.3%). The organosulfur compounds, especially diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, are contributed mainly its bioactivity, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, cardio-protective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory bioactivities. While the pungent flavor and components with volatile and hydrophobic property of garlic limit its application. There are various thermal processings (dry and wet) could transfer garlic to black garlic. We have developed a new processing method of liquid heating based on Maillard reaction, and shorted the processing time of black garlic to 3 days. Black garlic tastes slightly sweet without pungent flavor, and have higher level of phenolic-like substances. Among them, phenolic compounds increased comparative-slightly. In back garlic, the sulfur volatiles and hydrophobic organosulfur components, especially allicin, were greatly reduced. The hydrophilic fraction was greatly increased, including greatly increase of S-allylcysteine (SAC), which was catabolized from γ-glutamylcysteines. Many other organosulfur compounds need to be identified and quantified. Some bioactivities of hydrophilic fraction of black garlic were weaker than that of garlic, especially antibacterial and anti-cancer cell effects. Bioactivities similar to garlic have also been reported for black garlic, such as antioxidant, cardio-protective, anti-inflammation, immune-modulatory bioactivities.

Abstract Anthocyanins are the predominant class of bioactive compounds present in the skins of red grape berries and are responsible for the colour and several health-promoting properties of red wines. In grape berries, these water-soluble pigments are localised within the vacuoles of skin cells in a free, non-complexed form, making them more readily extractable than many other phenolic compounds. Consequently, the quantity and composition of anthocyanins released are strongly influenced by maceration conditions and duration. Anthocyanins isolated from berry fruits have been widely reported to exhibit bioprotective properties, particularly through their ability to mitigate oxidative damage resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cellular antioxidant capacity. Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing induces electroporation and structural modifications of cell membranes, enhancing cell permeability and facilitating the release of intracellular bioactive compounds. PEF has been shown to accelerate the diffusion of phenolic compounds from grape skins, with anthocyanin extraction continuing in a time-dependent manner throughout maceration. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influence of maceration time (0, 2, 4, 8, and 14 days) following PEF treatment (1.5 kV/cm at either 15 or 70 kJ/kg) on anthocyanin release from red grapes (Vitis vinifera) and to evaluate the bioprotective capacity of the resulting grape juices against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress using a human intestinal Caco-2 cell culture model. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) membrane leakage, and nitric oxide production were used as indicators of cellular health and integrity. The results demonstrated that PEF treatment at 70 kJ/kg was most effective in accelerating anthocyanin extraction from grape skins. Both the concentration and composition of anthocyanins were influenced by the combined effects of PEF intensity and maceration time. Significant correlations were observed between anthocyanin content and bioprotective biomarkers. Compared with untreated samples, PEF processing at 15 and 70 kJ/kg reduced the required maceration time from 14 days to 8 and 2 days, respectively, to achieve comparable bioprotective effects. These findings highlight the potential of combining PEF processing with controlled maceration to tailor anthocyanin profiles while maintaining bioprotective functionality.

Abstract: Dopamine has traditionally been recognized as a neurotransmitter that regulates movement, cognition, reward, and emotion. Beyond their well-established role in the central nervous system, dopamine receptors are also expressed in a wide range of human cancers, where they regulate tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and antitumor immunity. Consistent with these observations, several dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists originally developed for neurological and psychiatric disorders have demonstrated promising anticancer activities in preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting dopaminergic signaling as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. In contrast, remarkably little attention has been paid to naturally occurring dopaminergic molecules in foods. Dopamine, salsolinol, and other dopaminergic metabolite are found in various edible plants and fermented foods, yet their biological significance in cancer prevention remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that these dietary dopaminergic molecules constitute an overlooked class of food-derived bioactive compounds capable of modulating cancer-associated signaling pathways. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the biological activity of salsolinol, a naturally occurring tetrahydroisoquinoline derived from dopamine. Our studies demonstrate that salsolinol suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth by reprogramming dopamine receptor-mediated STAT signaling. Mechanistically, salsolinol suppresses mitochondrial and canonical STAT3 signaling, promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent STAT1 activation, and induces mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. These molecular changes significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo while simultaneously alleviating anxiety-like behavior associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting a functional link between dopaminergic signaling in cancer and the brain. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of food-derived dopaminergic molecules as bioactive compounds for cancer prevention.

Background Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders (PGT-M) has transformed reproductive options for couples at risk of transmitting inherited genetic disorders. However, PGT-M differs fundamentally from conventional standardized genetic testing. Each family presents a unique combination of pathogenic variant(s), inheritance pattern, surrounding genomic architecture, informative family members, reproductive history, and clinical circumstances. Consequently, an effective PGT-M strategy must extend beyond simple mutation detection toward a personalized, family-specific genomic approach for embryo assessment and selection. Objective To highlight the concept of personalized PGT-M in which patient- and family-specific genomic architecture is incorporated into assay development, haplotype construction, embryo analysis, and reproductive decision-making, thereby positioning PGT-M as a practical model of precision reproductive medicine. Approach A personalized PGT-M workflow begins with detailed clinical and reproductive history, pedigree evaluation, molecular confirmation of the disease-associated variant, and assessment of its mode of inheritance. Family-specific genomic information is subsequently used to establish informative markers and disease-associated haplotypes surrounding the locus of interest. Following IVF, embryo biopsy and whole-genome amplification, direct variant detection can be integrated with linkage-based haplotyping and, where clinically appropriate, chromosomal assessment. This combined strategy is particularly important because embryo testing involves extremely limited starting DNA and is susceptible to challenges including allele dropout, amplification bias, recombination, and locus-specific analytical limitations. The diagnostic architecture therefore needs to be designed and validated specifically for each family rather than relying solely on detection of the causative variant. Clinical Significance The integration of direct mutation analysis with family-specific haplotyping provides multiple layers of genomic evidence for embryo classification and can improve confidence in distinguishing affected, carrier, and unaffected embryos according to the inheritance pattern of the disorder. Importantly, the definition of a genetically suitable embryo is itself patient-specific and may depend upon autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, or other inheritance characteristics, as well as the couple's reproductive objectives and genetic counseling. Such an approach transforms PGT-M from a mutation-focused laboratory test into an individualized genomic decision framework in which assay design, interpretation, and embryo selection are tailored to the genetic architecture of each family. Conclusion PGT-M represents precision medicine at its earliest possible stage—before implantation and pregnancy. Moving beyond mutation detection toward personalized genomic architecture allows each family to receive a bespoke strategy designed around its unique genetic risk. The convergence of targeted variant analysis, haplotyping, next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, and comprehensive embryo assessment has the potential to further strengthen personalized embryo selection and expand the role of PGT-M in preventive and precision reproductive health.

Abstract With the increase in average life expectancy, age-related male menopause has become a cause of decreased quality of life in men. The enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes), a major edible mushroom, has long been recognized for its nutritional value and delicious taste, with proven biological and pharmacological properties, becoming a prevalent health food in Japan. In our previous study, the administration of enoki mushroom extract increased testosterone production in a cisplatin-impaired mouse model, with the involvement of adenosine suggested as the active component. We also investigated efficacy and safety of powdered enoki mushroom extract containing adenosine (test food) for menopausal symptoms in middle-aged and elderly men based on evaluation test such as Heinemann’s Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scores. Test food and placebo were administered to healthy men with AMS scores of 27-49 for 12 weeks. AMS score and testosterone level were evaluated before and 12 weeks after the intake of test food and placebo. The intake of test food for 12 weeks significantly improved sexual dysfunction of AMS. The number of subjects with increased total testosterone levels of ≥0.5 ng/mL was significantly higher in test food group than in placebo group. Furthermore, in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), enoki mushroom extract provided beneficial effects on age-related symptoms such as sleep disturbance in middle-aged and older men. These results suggest beneficial effects of enoki mushroom extract on symptoms of male menopause.

Abstract Background/Objectives: With increasing life expectancy, interest in healthy aging has grown substantially. Dietary habits are among the key factors that contribute to achieving healthy aging. This study analyzes the relationship between dietary habits and the age–health association in older adults, using the first two years of data from an ongoing annual cohort study conducted in a region of Japan. Methods: We used observational data from approximately 1200 community-dwelling males and females aged 55 to 75 at baseline, drawing on the first two years of a ten-year annual cohort study conducted from 2023 to 2032. First, dietary habits were classified using an ordinal latent block model (OLBM), a model-based clustering approach applied to food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data. We then examined whether the age–health gradient—measured across 33 indicators—differed significantly across the derived dietary habit types, using random effects models. Results: Dietary habits in the analyzed sample were categorized into six distinct types. Parameter estimates from the model suggest that the extracted patterns represent a continuum ranging from low to high dietary diversity. Regression analyses indicated that, in females, a negative association between age and LDL-C levels was observed among those with highly diverse dietary habits. Conclusions: The data-driven classification of dietary habits based on FFQ responses highlights the potential importance of dietary diversity.

Betalains are a class of naturally occurring pigments derived from the condensation of betalamic acid with various amine-like compounds. Based on their chemical substituents, they are categorized into two main groups: betacyanins, which exhibit vibrant red to purple hues, and betaxanthins, known for their yellow coloration. These pigments may also undergo glycosylation, further diversifying their structural and functional properties. Betalains are found in more than ten plant families within the order Caryophyllales, as well as in certain basidiomycete fungi, notably the genus Amanita. Among the important dietary sources are Beta vulgaris – beetroots, Selenicereus sp. – purple-fleshed pitaya/dragonfruit, Opuntia ficus-indica – prickly pear, as well as some underutilized crops such as Amaranthus, Basella alba, Atriplex hortensis, Carpobrotus edulis, various cacti fruits. As non-food phytochemical sources there are Phytolacca sp., Gomphrena globosa, Bougainvillea sp. Their biosynthesis originates from tyrosine or tyramine through a series of enzymatic reactions, with L-DOPA serving as a key intermediate. In plants that lack anthocyanins, betalains are responsible for the striking coloration of flowers, fruits, and other organs. Although their precise biological roles remain partially understood, one known function is photoprotection—shielding tissues from excessive light exposure. From a human health perspective, betalains are highly bioavailable and have demonstrated potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory and chemopreventive properties. In this lecture, betalains as a distinct phytochemical class will be explored, highlighting their biochemical characteristics and presenting some recent findings from our research on their production in plant in vitro cultures and anti-inflammatory properties. Acknowledgements: Support by the Wroclaw Medical University SUBZ.D030.26.040 to AM as well as SUBK.D030.22.052 to SZ is acknowledged.

Abstract Hybrid foods, composed of plant or fungal matter and animal matter, represent an innovative and sustainable food solution for adapting to the global food transition. The degree of interaction between plant and animal compounds governs the food's structural cohesion and texture. In the context of designing a liver/lentil hybrid food. we hypothesized that the level of protein denaturation could regulate the level of interaction between proteins and, consequently, modulate the food's texture. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the denaturation temperatures of lentils proteins and liver albumin which were 85 °C and 80 °C, respectively. We then evaluated the rheological properties and microstructure of thermal gels from 5% protein solutions at 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 and 100:0 lentils proteins: liver albumin ratios. The mixed-protein combinations showed synergistic interactions. Up to a lentil protein concentration of 50%, the mixed gels exhibited a more compact and structured network than gels made from pure lentil protein. They displayed a stable elastic structure and increased resistance to deformation. The use of atomic force microscopy coupled with force spectroscopy demonstrated that the thermal denaturation of the proteins enhanced their degree of interaction, likely resulting from the formation of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. This work indicates that the texture of hybrid foods can be modulated by adjusting the degree of protein denaturation. This approach can also be used to ensure better cohesion of layers in 3D-printed foods. Finally, while we have focused on proteins so far, other compounds such as carbohydrates (fiber, starch) or lipids can also be involved in modulating texture, and the processes could also affect their degree of interaction with other food molecules.

Abstract By 2050, the global population is expected to reach 9–10 billion, with nearly one in five people aged over 60. At the same time, the prevalence of overweight and obesity-already affecting around 2.1 billion individuals-is rising at an alarming rate, driven in part by urbanisation and increased consumption of energy-dense foods and sweetened beverages. Together, ageing and obesity represent two of the most critical and interconnected public health challenges, with profound societal and economic consequences. Diet remains one of the most powerful and modifiable determinants of human health, influencing wellbeing, ageing, and longevity. As Hippocrates stated, “let food be your medicine and medicine be your food”. Dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, alongside advances in food processing, have been consistently associated with a reduced risk of age-related diseases. However, a fundamental challenge lies in delivering safe, affordable, and nutritionally optimised foods. Bioactive compounds with proven health benefits are often present at low concentrations, while less desirable components may dominate. At the same time, processing costs can account for up to 60% of total production. In this context, the pivotal role of biological transformations and mild separation technologies that offer a transformative opportunity to enhance nutritional quality, while maintaining sustainability and economic viability will be discussed.

Abstract The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model possesses several advantages for anti-aging research, including (1) a short lifespan and rapid experimental cycle, (2) highly conserved aging-related pathways, (3) ease of genetic manipulation, (4) a transparent body structure, and (5) strong relevance to mammalian aging mechanisms. These characteristics make C. elegans an ideal model for screening and developing molecules with potential anti-aging properties. Aging is regulated by multiple complex mechanisms. Our laboratory is particularly interested in developing molecules capable of mimicking the effects of caloric restriction (CR). CR has repeatedly been shown to extend lifespan, and reduce the incidence of age-related diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the longevity effects of CR are mainly mediated through the IIS, Sirtuins, mTOR, and AMPK signaling pathways. Therefore, our research focuses on identifying compounds that induce longevity in C. elegans through these pathways, as such compounds may serve as caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs). C. elegans are typically cultured on nematode growth medium (NGM) plates seeded with E. coli OP50 as a food source. Test compounds can be administered together with the bacterial suspension onto the culture plates. To avoid metabolic modification of the test compounds by live bacteria, dead bacteria are preferable for experiments. Lifespan assays are the primary method used to evaluate lifespan-extending effects in C. elegans. Pharyngeal pumping, body bends, and locomotion are commonly assessed as health indicators. Lipofuscin autofluorescence is also measured as a marker of aging. Compounds that extend lifespan and improve health markers are considered to possess longevity effects in C. elegans. To further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, approaches such as loss-of-function mutants, RNA interference (RNAi), Western blotting, and fluorescent fusion protein analyses (expression and localization) are employed. In this presentation, we will introduce how the C. elegans model can be used to develop potential anti-aging molecules, using nicotinic acid, myo-inositol, and calcium chloride as examples based on our previously published studies.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health problem with high mortality and morbidity. Approximately 70 million individuals worldwide reported suffer from TBI every year. Patients suffered from severe TBI have twice the risk of developing into neurodegenerative diseases later in their life. Thus, early intervention is needed not only to treat TBI but also to reduce neurodegenerative diseases in the future. Physiological functions of neurons highly depend on mitochondria. As mitochondrial integrity is compromised by injury, neurons would initiate a cascade of events to maintain homeostasis of mitochondria. In this talk, I will share our recent findings underlie the regenerative potential of injured brain neurons and functional recovery. In addition, I will also share our endeavor on the development of small molecule compounds toward treating traumatic brain injury.

Abstract The increasing demand for healthier foods and more sustainable production systems has encouraged the development of processing technologies that can maintain food safety and quality while reducing thermal damage, processing intensity, and resource losses. This presentation highlights the potential applications of non-thermal food-processing technologies, including high-pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), and cold plasma, for sustainable production, bioactive compound enhancement, and health-oriented food innovation. Compared with conventional thermal treatments, which may induce oxidation, nutrient degradation, undesirable flavor formation, and texture deterioration, non-thermal technologies can selectively modify food components and structures with limited heat exposure. HPP can enhance protein interactions, gel strength, and water-holding capacity in surimi-based products, thereby improving product quality and more efficiently utilizing aquatic resources. HPP can also shorten the processing time for black garlic while enhancing the formation or retention of S-allyl cysteine, thereby demonstrating its potential to produce foods with increased bioactive value. PEF treatment can alter plant cell membrane permeability, facilitate the release of intracellular compounds, and reduce enzymatic deterioration in fruits and vegetables. These effects may improve extraction efficiency, preserve health-related phytochemicals, shorten processing time, and reduce losses of agricultural materials. Cold plasma can modify the molecular structure and interfacial properties of plant proteins, thereby improving their emulsifying, foaming, and gelling properties. Such functional modification may support the development of plant-based foods and reformulated meat products with reduced reliance on conventional phosphate additives. Collectively, these technologies demonstrate that non-thermal processing is evolving beyond its traditional role in food preservation. By reducing unnecessary thermal exposure, enhancing the retention or release of bioactive compounds, improving the functionality of food ingredients, and promoting the value-added utilization of agricultural resources, non-thermal technologies can contribute to more sustainable and health-oriented food systems.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is associated with glucolipotoxicity-induced cognitive impairment and hepatic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Coffee is rich in polyphenolic compounds, particularly chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the cross-organ protective effects of coffee extract, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in a glucolipotoxic animal model of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet and administered low-dose streptozotocin to establish a glucolipotoxic model characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Mice were treated with coffee extract, chlorogenic acid, or caffeic acid. Spatial and working memory were evaluated using the Y-maze test, and molecular mechanisms in the brain and liver were analyzed. Results: Although the treatments did not significantly normalize hyperglycemia, they reduced compensatory hyperinsulinemia, improved insulin sensitivity, ameliorated dyslipidemia, and attenuated hepatic and renal dysfunction. In the brain, the treatments improved spatial recognition and working memory by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, reducing oxidative DNA damage, suppressing NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, attenuating mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as evidenced by increased BrdU, DCX, and NeuN expression. In the liver, the treatments reduced lipid accumulation and fibrosis by suppressing SREBP-1c- and SREBP-2-mediated lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis while activating the AMPK/PPAR-α/CPT-1 axis to promote fatty acid β-oxidation. Conclusion: Coffee extract and its major polyphenols confer cross-organ protection against glucolipototoxicity-induced diabetic neurodegeneration and steatohepatitis through non-glucose-dependent mechanisms.

Abstract Ageing is characterized by substantial inter-individual heterogeneity, suggesting that chronological age alone may not adequately reflect biological ageing or predict responses to nutritional interventions. Metabolic dysregulation, chronic low-grade inflammation and cellular senescence are increasingly recognized as interconnected processes contributing to age-related functional decline. This presentation integrates findings from our programme of human nutritional ageing research with emerging evidence on cellular senescence to propose a precision nutrition framework for healthy ageing. In older adults with mild cognitive impairment, regular intermittent fasting was associated with favourable cognitive trajectories over a three-year follow-up, accompanied by biochemical and metabolic changes. In a subsequent 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving older adults, bovine colostrum supplementation significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory mediators CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α, while untargeted metabolomics identified 33 differentially regulated metabolites, with glycerophospholipid and cysteine–methionine metabolism emerging as potentially responsive pathways. In contrast, significant intervention effects were not observed for telomerase activity, 8-OHdG, MDA or SOD. These human findings were contextualized against our recent scoping review of 111 preclinical studies of plant-derived senotherapeutics, which identified convergence across pathways regulating cellular survival, nutrient sensing, oxidative stress and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB/SASP, Nrf2 and p53/p21/p16 signalling. Collectively, these findings suggest that nutrition-responsive metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes may intersect with biological pathways involved in cellular senescence, although direct evidence of nutritional modulation of senescence in humans remains limited. Integrating metabolomic phenotyping with direct cellular senescence biomarkers may therefore provide a translational approach for identifying nutrition-responsive ageing phenotypes and developing precision nutrition strategies to extend healthspan.

Perilla frutescens L. (Perilla or Nga-Mon in Thai) is a herb that belongs to the mint family and is traditionally grown in Northern Thailand. The HPLC analysis indicated that the Nga-Mon seed meal extract (NMSME) contains rosmarinic acid and luteolin as the major natural active pharmaceutical ingredients (NAPIs). The NMSME demonstrated a dual anti-osteoporotic effect by promoting osteoblast differentiation, which increasing key biomarkers including ALP, OC, OPG, and the OPG/RANKL ratio, and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by significantly decreasing RANKL-promoted osteoclast differentiation. The NMSME clearly attenuated RANKL-induced TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and TRAP activity. Additionally, the NMSME significantly downregulated RANKL-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation and NFATc1 expression. The NMSME also suppressed the RANKL-induced osteoclast-specific marker genes such as MMP-9 and inhibited RANKL-induced ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the bio-composite bone delivery system was developed and prepared by a spray drying technique which is composed of bio-ceramics, namely hydroxyapatite, and collagen at a 2:1 weight ratio to simulated bone composition and a biopolymer (polyvinyl alcohol) at weight ratio of 1:1 without a pore-forming agent. The prototype of an osteoprotective tablet of bio-composites for oral administration was developed. It contained bio-composites containing NMSME, microcrystalline cellulose and lactose as tablet diluent and polyvinyl pyrrolidone K90, talcum, magnesium stearate, and croscarmellose sodium were used as binding agent, glidant, lubricant, and tablet disintegrant. Furthermore, ovariectomized mice orally administered with bio-composite bone delivery system containing NMSME a significant increase in the bone strength comparable to the control group. The present results indicate that the bio-composite bone delivery system containing NMSME can be a potential candidate for beneficial use in osteoporotic protection.

Zinc deficiency remains a major global health challenge and is closely associated with impaired erythropoiesis and anemia, yet the mechanisms linking zinc availability to red blood cell development remain incompletely defined. Erythroid differentiation requires substantial metabolic remodeling and sustained heme biosynthesis, processes that are highly sensitive to intracellular metal homeostasis. Our recent work supports a framework in which zinc functions as a regulatory determinant of erythroid maturation. During differentiation, intracellular zinc is maintained through coordinated regulation of zinc transporters, among which the zinc importer SLC39A10 (ZIP10) is selectively induced under zinc-limiting conditions to preserve cytosolic zinc availability. Experimental restriction of zinc availability in vitro, as well as impaired transporter function, compromises erythroid maturation and hemoglobinization. Mechanistically, zinc availability governs heme biosynthetic capacity by regulating δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), a zinc-dependent enzyme catalyzing a key early step in porphyrin synthesis. Reduced intracellular zinc suppresses ALAD expression, leading to impaired heme production independent of iron availability and defining a zinc-dependent checkpoint in erythropoiesis. This regulatory axis extends to human biology, as genetic variation in SLC39A10 alters zinc transport capacity and is associated with hematologic traits. Collectively, these findings establish zinc as a critical regulator of erythropoiesis and provide a mechanistic basis for understanding zinc-related anemia, supporting the development of genotype-informed nutritional strategies to improve hematological health.

1Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Science and Bio‐Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM‐AIST), Arusha, Tanzania, neema.kassim@nm-aist.ac.tz 2Independent Research Consultant, Arusha, Tanzania, fmn9@cornell.edu 3Department of Public & Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA, les36@cornell.edu 4MIAEH, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, pturner3@umd.edu 5Goshen College, Goshen, Indiana, USA, rebeccajs2@goshen.edu 6Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA, elp28@cornell.edu Abstract: Introduction: Consumption of complementary foods contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs), the toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, is the main route of exposure to these toxins among children. Objective: In preparation for a large trial, this pilot study examined if provision of a low-aflatoxin infant porridge flour made from local maize and groundnuts reduced the prevalence of a urinary aflatoxin biomarker in infants. Methods: Thirty-six infants, aged 6-18 months, were included from four villages in Kongwa District, Tanzania. The study was conducted over 12 days with a three-day baseline period and a 10-days where low-AF porridge flour was provided. Porridge intake of infants was assessed using quantitative 24-hour recalls by mothers. Household food ingredients used in infant porridge preparation and urine samples were collected on days 1-3 (baseline) and days 10-12 (follow-up). Aflatoxins were measured in household foods and AFM1 was measured in urine. Results: At baseline and follow-up, 78% and 97%, respectively, of the infants consumed porridge in the previous 24 hours, with a median volume of 220 ml (IQR, 201, 318) and 460 ml (IQR: 430, 563), respectively (p<0.001). All 47 samples of homemade flour/ ingredients were contaminated with AFs (0.3 - 723 ng/g). The overall prevalence of individuals with detectable urinary AFM1 was reduced by 81%, from 15/36 (42%) at baseline to 3/36 (8%) at follow-up (p=0.003). Conclusion: Provision of low-aflatoxin porridge flour was acceptable to caregivers and their infants, and successfully reduced the prevalence of detectable urinary AFM1 in infants; thus, confirming its potential to be tested in future large-scale health outcomes trial.

Conflict of interest: Authors declare no potential conflict of interest

Abstracts： Control of Listeria monocytogenes in food systems is essential to reduce the risk of foodborne disease, as listeriosis is characterized by high hospitalization and mortality rates. Nisin, a bacteriocin widely used as a food preservative, is applied to inhibit L. monocytogenes growth; however, its efficacy has been reported to decline against bacteria within biofilms. This study assessed how biofilm formation alters L. monocytogenes susceptibility to nisin. Planktonic and biofilm-associated cells were compared using physiological characterization and time-kill assays. Biofilm-associated cells exhibited a prolonged lag phase and required longer exposure to nisin to achieve complete inactivation than planktonic cells. Lag phase duration was positively correlated with time to inactivation. Disruption of the biofilm matrix did not enhance the bactericidal efficacy of nisin, indicating that reduced susceptibility in L. monocytogenes was not primarily due to limited nisin penetration. Proteomic analysis further revealed that increased abundance of proteins associated with cobalamin biosynthesis, bacterial microcompartment-related functions, and oxidoreductase activity in biofilm-associated cells during nisin exposure. These changes represent a targeted metabolic reprogramming to support longer survival under stress. Collectively, these findings indicate that the reduced efficacy of nisin against L. monocytogenes is driven primarily by physiological adaptation associated with biofilm growth, rather than by the biofilm matrix alone. This distinction has implications for optimizing antimicrobial applications in food systems by targeting the physiological modulation of foodborne pathogens to reduce their persistence and improve food safety. Keywords： food safety, Listeria monocytogenes, nisin, biofilm, metabolic adaptation

Background & Objective: Robust in vivo data are essential to inform precision health. This study evaluated the acute impact of soluble beta-glucan on postprandial glucose, insulin, and gut hormone levels (GLP-1, peptide YY, and cholecystokinin). Methods: Two experiments were conducted: an environmentally controlled animal study in Sprague-Dawley rats using Human Equivalent Dose (Experiment 1) and an open-label randomised controlled trial in Caucasian humans dosed according to EFSA guidelines (Experiment 2). Acute administration (over 0–6 h) was monitored via serial blood sampling at baseline (0 min) and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Non-normally distributed data were expressed as medians (IQR). Results: Contrary to established health claims, acute beta-glucan supplementation did not significantly alter glycaemic, insulin, or gut hormone responses in either experiment compared to controls. Conclusion: These non-significant outcomes emphasize the need for rigorous study design. Future research must minimize intra- and inter-analytical errors, optimize sample sizes using tools like G*Power, and control for inter-individual human variations (diet, physical activity, sex, and genetics) to effectively advance precision health.

Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is third most lethal gynecologic cancer and acquired chemoresistance is the key link in the high mortality rate of OVCA patients. Currently, there are no reliable methods to predict chemoresistance in OVCA. In our study, we identify genes, pathways and networks altered by DNA methylation in HGSC cells that are associated with chemoresistance and prognosis of HGSC patients. Methods: We performed methylome-wide profiling using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (HM850K) methylation array on a set of HGSC chemoresistant and chemosensitive cell lines. Differentially Methylated CpG Probes (DMPs) were identified between the resistant and sensitive groups in HGSC. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) over-representation analyses were conducted to identify both common and unique pathways between resistant and sensitive cells. While the HM850K array was used for the discovery phase to identify differentially methylated probes and regions in HGSC cell lines, the publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas ovarian cancer (TCGA-OV) dataset generated using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip (27K array) methylation array served as an independent validation cohort for downstream survival and drug sensitivity analyses. Machine learning methods were applied to our dataset to predict drug sensitivity in the TCGA-OV cohort and to investigate associations with overall survival and progression-free survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the relationship between differentially methylated genes and patient survival outcomes. The overlapping CpG probes shared between the two Illumina platforms were used for machine learning and survival analyses. Data visualization was performed using various R/Bioconductor packages. Results: Our analysis identified a total of 3,641 DMPs spanning 1,617 differentially methylated genes between chemoresistant and sensitive HGSC cells, whereas 80% of them were hypermethylated CpG sites associated with HGSC resistant cells. Approximately half of the DMPs were distributed on chromosomes 1-3, 6, 11-12 and 17 and top identified hypermethylated CpGs were cg21226224 (SOX17, ∆β = 79%, adj.P=7.73E-03), cg02538901 (ATP1A1, ∆β = 75%, adj.P=7.6E-03), and cg17032184 (CD58, ∆β = 64%, adj.P=4.39E-02). Machine learning analysis identified significant association of global hypermethylation in the HGSC chemoresistant cells with poor overall and progression-free survival of HGSC patients. Further analysis identified four differentially methylated genes (CD58, SOX17, FOXA1, ETV1) that were also positively associated with poor prognosis of HGSC OC patients. Functional enrichment analysis showed enrichment of several cancer-related pathways, including phosphatidylinositol signaling, homologous recombination and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. Conclusion: This study advances the current knowledge of the underlying mechanism behind acquired chemoresistance in OVCA. Four differentially methylated genes identified in this study may have the potential to serve as promising epigenetic clinical biomarkers for HGSC chemotherapy resistance (Supported in part by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research).

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive pediatric malignancy with limited treatment options, emphasizing the need to better understand the molecular pathogenesis and identify new diagnostic and prognostic markers. Autophagy is a highly regulated catabolic pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling damaged organelles and misfolded proteins through the lysosomal system. In cancer, including NB, alterations in autophagy may contribute to metabolic reprogramming, therapy resistance, and tumor progression, suggesting a direct link between CD expression and tumor aggressiveness. Cathepsin D (CD)-mediated lysosomal proteolysis plays a pivotal role in protein homeostasis and is dysregulated in a variety of cancers, including NB. Our previous study revealed that low CD level correlates with NB cell growth and reduced overall survival in NB patients. We have also found that the level of CD expression influences the ability of NB to survive in suspension and to adhere to substrate, suggesting that modulation of CD expression is functionally linked to the metastatic potential. Our data demonstrate that CD represents both a key mechanistic regulator and a potential prognostic marker, offering a promising therapeutic target for aggressive NB tumors that are resistant to conventional treatments. This is a good example of how personalized stratification of NB patients based on CD expression may lead to a personalized treatment of the disease.

ABSTRACT

In many industries, marketers use health claims to communicate the functional benefits of their products. This marketing communication tactic has been shown to induce favorable consumer attitudes and product evaluation, eventually increasing firm revenues. However, how health claims influence the performance of new products remains unclear. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of health claims on new product diffusion and lifetime. We develop a bivariate survival model with copula to capture the effect and estimate it using transaction data of new beverage products launched during a period of six years. The results reveal that health claims can accelerate the timing of new products to takeoff. However, the effect is greater for large category products and smaller for low-share brands. Furthermore, health claims do not appear to extend new product lifetime, except for brands with a large market share. These findings provide critical insights into how health claims can accelerate the acceptance of new products. Our study can also help firms predict the success of new product introduction.

Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, (Affiliated to Visveshwarayya Technological University, Belagavi), Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumara Swamy Layout, Bangalore-560111, India. Email: hemash2001@yahoo.co.in, hemakum2014@gmail.com Abstract: Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases affecting both males and females, and there are about 19.3 million new cases reported by the GLOBOCAN in the year 2020. Human heparan sulfatase-2 (HSULF-2) is an oncoprotein overexpressed in the surface of all types of tumor cells and its activity plays a critical role in cancer survival and progression. Our previous studies have shown that bael fruit extract, containing marmesin and marmelosin, inhibits the HSULF-2 activity and kills breast tumor cells, but the mechanism of these processes remains fairly known mainly because the HSULF-2’s 3D structure is partially known. Herein, we aimed at providing an in silico molecular mechanism of the inhibition of human HSULF-2 by phytochemicals from bael fruit extract. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the main phytochemicals contained in the bael fruit extract, sequence-based 3D structure of human HSULF-2, and the interaction of bael fruit’s phytochemicals with the enzyme active site was modelled, evaluated, and verified. Docking studies revealed marmesin and marmelosin as potential inhibitors with binding score -8.5 and -7.7 Kcal/mol; these results were validated using molecular dynamics simulations, which exhibited higher stability of the protein-ligand complexes. Taking together, with our earlier in vitro data, our computational analyses suggest that marmesin and marmelosin interact at the active site of HSULF-2 providing a potential mechanism for its inhibition and consequent antitumor activity by phytochemicals contained in the bael fruit extract. Bioinformatics tool that we have used in for the study is Neisseria gonorrheae, the causative agent of genitourinary infections, which has been associated with asymptomatic or recurrent infections and has the potential to form biofilms and induce inflammation and cell transformation. Herein, we aimed to use computational analysis to predict novel associations between chronic inflammation caused by gonorrhea infection and neoplastic transformation. Prioritization and gene enrichment strategies based on virulence and resistance genes utilizing essential genes from the DEG and PANTHER databases, respectively, were performed. Using the STRING database, protein‒protein interaction networks were constructed with 55 nodes of bacterial proteins and 72 nodes of proteins involved in the host immune response. MCODE and cytoHubba were used to identify 12 bacterial hub proteins (murA, murB, murC, murD, murE, purN, purL, thyA, uvrB, kdsB, lpxC, and ftsH) and 19 human hub proteins, of which TNF, STAT3 and AKT1 had high significance. The PPI networks are based on the connectivity degree (K), betweenness centrality (BC), and closeness centrality (CC) values. We have used bioinformatic tools for the study of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) which is a clinically heterogeneous, systemic autoimmune disease affecting 2 million people in the USA, about 90% of whom are women. The profound morbidity and mortality of SLE stem from chronic inflammation and multiple organ damage. Because lupus patients have weakened immune systems from standard immunosuppressant, treatment and immune dysregulation, infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for more than 25% SLE-related deaths.

Therapy-refractory chronic and acute myeloid leukemias (CML, AML) are driven by metabolically adaptable leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that evade treatments by tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and genotoxic drugs. Studies combining transcriptomics and functional profiling reveal two key survival pathways: (i) high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial dynamics, and (ii) pro-survival autophagy. In CML, LSCs exhibit elevated SIRT1/2 activity [1], PARP1 overexpression [2], and DNA repair defects, along with increased OXPHOS and reduced innate immunity. Targeting these pathways with the methylated indolequinone MAC681 disrupts mitochondrial function, induces PARP1 cleavage, and triggers necroptotic, immunogenic cell death, which is enhanced by the BCR-ABL1 inhibitor asciminib. Network analysis indicates that persistent autophagy contributes to resistance; combining HDAC6 inhibitors (compound 7b [3] or ricolinostat) with BCR-ABL1 inhibitors disrupts beclin-1 modification, destabilizes autophagy, and triggers apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. In AML, the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 is overexpressed in high-risk cases. The agent TMQ0153, a tetrahydrobenzimidazole, reduces OPA1 and MFN2 levels, fragments mitochondria, shifts metabolism toward glycolysis, and induces ROS-dependent, caspase-mediated cell death [4]. In mouse models, TMQ0153 improves survival when combined with standard therapies. Overall, targeting autophagy, sirtuin-driven OXPHOS, and mitochondrial quality control hampers the metabolic support for leukemia stem cells. Combining inhibitors can induce immunogenic death, eliminate resistant clones, and potentially convert non-inflamed leukemias into ones responsive to immune therapies. [1] Dual inhibition of sirtuins 1 and 2: reprogramming metabolic energy dynamics in chronic myeloid leukemia as an immunogenic anticancer strategy, Cancer Commun (Lond) 44 (8) (2024) 915–920. [2] Antileukemic potential of methylated indolequinone MAC681 through immunogenic necroptosis and PARP1 degradation, Biomark Res 12 (1) (2024) 47. [3] The HDAC6 inhibitor 7b induces BCR-ABL ubiquitination and downregulation and synergizes with imatinib to trigger apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia, Pharmacol. Res. 160 (2020) 105058. [4] Tetrahydrobenzimidazole TMQ0153 targets OPA1 and restores drug sensitivity in AML via ROS-induced mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming, J Exp Clin Cancer Res 44 (1) (2025) 114.

Abstract Previous studies revealed that one of the active compounds responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of cardamom ethanol extract is isocoronarin D, a labdane-type diterpene. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of isocoronarin D on inflammation-induced macrophages and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action. Inflammatory responses of macrophages are induced via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a well-known inflammatory stimulus that activates inflammatory responses through TLR4. Mice macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells were treated with isocoronarin D simultaneously with LPS, and the effects of isocoronarin D on the production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 were evaluated. As a result, isocoronarin D suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity through the downregulation of inflammation-related gene expression. Moreover, pretreatment with isocoronarin D resulted in a stronger inhibitory effect compared with simultaneous administration. Isocoronarin D exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the MAPK pathway and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, while not affecting phagocytic activity. It is suggested from in silico docking analysis that isocoronarin D has high binding affinity than that of lipid A of LPS. It was supposed from these findings that isocoronarin D exerts anti-inflammatory effect by acting as an antagonist of TLR4. Furthermore, isocoronarin D also exhibited concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory effects against PGN-induced inflammation mediated via TLR2, again through downregulation of inflammation-related gene expression, suggesting that isocoronarin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects against multiple inflammatory stimuli.

Abstract: The future of food safety and toxicology is being reshaped by predictive, human-relevant science that supports precision health. Singapore has taken a pioneering step with the establishment of the Singapore Food Toxicology Network (SFTN), a national initiative led by the Singapore Food Agency (SFA), the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, and the National University of Singapore (NUS), with the Singapore Institute of Food Science & Technology (SIFST) serving as the coordinating and secretariat body. This collaborative platform represents a national commitment to advancing New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in food toxicology, aligning with global efforts to reduce reliance on animal testing while enhancing scientific rigor and ethical standards. NAMs encompass innovative tools such as in vitro assays, computational toxicology, high-throughput screening, and omics-based approaches. These methodologies provide mechanistic insights into toxicological endpoints, enabling faster, more cost-effective, and more human-relevant risk assessments of food ingredients, contaminants, and emerging hazards. By integrating NAMs into regulatory science, Singapore is building capacity for more predictive and harmonized food safety frameworks that directly support public health. This presentation will highlight the strategic role of SFTN in fostering collaboration among regulators, academia, and industry. Case studies will illustrate how NAMs are being piloted and validated in Singapore, from cell-based assays for genotoxicity to computational exposure modeling. These efforts demonstrate not only scientific innovation but also regulatory foresight, ensuring Singapore remains aligned with international standards while contributing to ASEAN and global harmonization. Importantly, the talk will connect NAMs to the broader mission of precision health. By generating data that reflects human biology more accurately, NAMs improve risk prediction and support personalized nutrition and health protection strategies. This convergence of food toxicology and precision health underscores the transformative potential of NAMs in safeguarding consumers while enabling innovation in food systems. Through the lens of the Singapore Food Toxicology Network, this session will invite dialogue on how national and regional collaborations can accelerate the adoption of NAMs, bridge regulatory gaps, and contribute to a global paradigm shift in food safety and health protection.

wahyudi.david@bakrie.ac.id Abstract Precision health increasingly recognizes that health-promoting food choices depend on the interaction between nutritional characteristics, processing, sensory responses, and individual perceptions. This study synthesizes evidence from two investigations of organic rice to explore how processing and nutrition communication may contribute to a precision nutrition approach. The first study evaluated organic rice subjected to different milling durations (0–120 s), demonstrating that increased milling progressively increased whiteness and sensory preference but significantly reduced total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and dietary fibre. Unmilled brown rice therefore retained substantially greater bioactive potential, whereas intensively milled rice was more favourably perceived. The second study examined whether nutritional information could modify sensory perceptions of organic brown and polished rice. Among informed participants, differences in colour and texture between brown and polished rice were no longer significant, whereas uninformed participants rated brown rice less favourably for these attributes. Together, these findings highlight a critical precision-health challenge: processing can improve immediate sensory acceptance while simultaneously reducing food components associated with nutritional and functional value. Conversely, targeted nutritional information may help align consumer perception with the health value of less-processed foods. These findings support an integrated precision nutrition framework in which processing intensity, bioactive composition, sensory characteristics, and nutrition communication are jointly considered when designing healthier dietary options.

Abstract Indonesia is known for its diverse variety of local plants that have already been used for a long time. These plants contain diverse bioactive compounds with different activities and efficacy. A high number of medicinal plants gives us a lot of opportunity to use them in research for functional food development, but it will take a long time to assess all the bioactive compounds and determine their functional ability. Another challenge to conducting the research is the limited resources and their high cost, which also affect the research progress. The in-silico method is a computer-based research method to simulate biological processes using a combination of computer prediction and big data. In general, this method was used for metabolism (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion), toxicity prediction, drug and therapeutic discovery. Through this study, we would like to assess different kinds of local plants to know their potential as natural supplements or drugs and their effect on human health, especially degenerative diseases. According to previous research, the in-silico result can be used to determine the toxicity and bioavailability of the bioactive substance when incorporated in a food product. It can be used to determine the dose in a food product that is still recognized as a safe dose and gives a health benefit effect. But the use of the in-silico method still needs to be done together with several other measurements to give more concrete evidence about the bioactivity.

Corresponding author: Hun Taeg Chung, chunght@dhu.ac.kr Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation and has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms linking endoplasmic reticulum stress to ferroptosis remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether carbon monoxide (CO), an endogenous gaseous molecule generated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), enhances ferroptosis through PERK signaling. CO induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to robust PERK activation in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, CO markedly sensitized cancer cells to ferroptosis induced by erastin or cysteine deprivation. Mechanistically, CO treatment increased lipid peroxidation and PTGS2 expression while reducing the expression of the ferroptosis-protective proteins GPX4 and SLC7A11. CO also promoted DRP1 phosphorylation, resulting in mitochondrial elongation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of PERK with GSK2606414 largely abolished these effects, demonstrating that PERK activation is essential for CO-mediated ferroptosis sensitization. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of this mechanism, we employed a B16F10 melanoma model. CO gas inhalation significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of erastin, leading to greater suppression of tumor growth than either treatment alone, consistent with enhanced ferroptotic cell death in vivo. Collectively, these findings identify PERK as a critical regulator of CO-mediated ferroptosis sensitization and demonstrate that activation of the PERK pathway enhances the therapeutic efficacy of ferroptosis-based cancer treatment. Our study suggests that CO may serve as a promising adjuvant strategy for improving anticancer therapies targeting ferroptosis. Key words: Carbon Monoxide, PERK, Ferroptosis, Melanoma, Erastin

Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiwan

Abstract: This study investigated the comprehensive effects of different thermosonication extraction times (20 to 60 minutes) on the bioactive components, CIE L* a* b* color parameters, and physicochemical properties of dried grass jelly (Platostoma palustre). The experimental results demonstrated that extraction time had a significant effect on various indicators: in terms of bioactive properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) peaked at 50 minutes of extraction (83.77 µg gallic acid equivalent/g and 56.85 µg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively), whereas extraction for 30 minutes exhibited excellent comprehensive performance, yielding the highest polysaccharide content (15.80 µg/g), with its TPC (53.21 µg gallic acid equivalent/g) and TFC (22.38 µg quercetin equivalent/g) also being significantly higher than at most other time points. Regarding color characteristics, lightness (L* value) showed an overall increasing trend with prolonged extraction time (reaching up to 74.47), while a* and b* values exhibited significant fluctuations. In terms of physicochemical properties, pH values remained stable, while soluble solids content maintained higher levels (approximately 1.5 °Brix) at 20 and 30 minutes before gradually decreasing. In conclusion, properly controlling thermosonication parameters can effectively balance polysaccharide accumulation and active component extraction while reducing processing time, providing an important scientific basis for the development of functional foods and beverages.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus caused by the body's inability to maintain homeostasis of blood glucose levels. However, because the use of diabetes drugs causes various side effects, alternative treatments are needed. Wedang is a type of drink that can be a source of antioxidants and antihyperglycemic agents due to its phytochemical content. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the variations in wedang in terms of antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity. The methods used in this analysis were pH, color, total phenolic components, total flavonoid components, and free radical scavenging activity (ABTS), α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitions. The results showed that wedang telang and kunir asam have the lowest pH indicating high acidity. The highest phenolic and flavonoid content found in jahe rempah due to its high ginger content. While the highest free radical scavenging activity found in bir pletok. The highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition found in bajigur. Wedang exhibits promising antihyperglycemic potential, warranting further in vivo investigations to validate its efficacy as a functional antihyperglycemic beverage.

Nebraska–Lincoln γ-Glutamyl valine (γ-EV) is a naturally occurring dietary γ-glutamyl peptide found primarily in fermented foods. Evidence from our studies suggest that γ-EV can influence cardiometabolic health through complementary systemic and gastrointestinal mechanisms. In this presentation, we integrated mechanistic, intestinal transport, and animal studies to define how γ-EV interacts with host signaling and the gut microbiome. In human aortic endothelial cells, γ-EV attenuated TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation, reducing adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Pharmacological inhibition of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) diminished these responses, supporting involvement of CaSR-dependent signaling. Intestinal transport studies demonstrated that γ-EV crosses differentiated Caco-2 monolayers in its intact form through both PepT1-mediated and paracellular pathways, establishing its potential for systemic bioavailability. Consistent with these findings, orally administered γ-EV was detected in the circulation of db/db mice and markedly improved glucose homeostasis. Three weeks of γ-EV supplementation reduced fasting blood glucose by 76% and increased hepatic AMPK phosphorylation by 86%. Transcriptomic analyses further identified substantial remodeling of hepatic and jejunal pathways associated with oxidoreductase activity and fatty acid metabolism. The biological activity of γ-EV was also examined in ApoE-/- mice fed an atherogenic diet. Dietary γ-EV reduced aortic lipid deposition and vascular inflammatory markers, including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and LOX-1. γ-EV also increased Akkermansia muciniphila abundance, which was negatively associated with aortic lipid deposition and vascular inflammation. Direct culture experiments further demonstrated that γ-EV promoted A. muciniphila growth. Collectively, these studies identify γ-EV as a food-derived bioactive peptide capable of acting across the gut-systemic axis. Its intestinal availability, systemic signaling effects, and microbiome interactions provide a mechanistic framework for developing foodderived peptides as precision nutrition strategies for cardiometabolic health.

Abstract: Background: Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) affects an estimated 36 million children under five years globally. Current screening tools include physical MUAC tapes and Weight-for-Height Z-scores (WHZ) and are impeded by operator-dependent measurement error, consumable supply fragility, and paper-based data systems that generate systematic under-detection at community level. Despite a growing body of research applying artificial intelligence and computer vision to anthropometric assessment, no published study has validated a high accuracy smartphone-based deep learning system capable of estimating MUAC in millimeter’s and classifying MAM across a multi-country, multi-ethnic cohort in Sub-Saharan Africa. This gap in the evidence base constitutes the primary scientific motivation for the present study. Objectives: This study aims to: (1) develop and validate a dual-output deep learning model (MobileNetV2 backbone, Attention Mechanism, Contextual Gate, Classification Head, Regression Head) for simultaneous MUAC estimation and MAM/SAM classification from smartphone arm photographs; (2) assess model performance against trained-clinician gold-standard MUAC tape measurement across a 3,000-children; and (3) evaluate the operational feasibility of the Digital MUAC system for community health worker deployment in resource-limited field settings. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, multi-site observational study with concurrent ground-truth clinical measurement. Children aged 6–59 months will be enrolled into the study (n=3,000; 50% Normal, 50% MAM). Image acquisition follows a standardized fiducial marker calibration protocol. The dataset is partitioned 80:20 for training and validation. Model performance is evaluated by MAM Recall (≥80%), MUAC Mean Absolute Error (≤2.0 mm), and a zero-tolerance SAM-misclassified-as-Normal safety floor. Preliminary Results: A proof-of-concept pilot (n=551 children, yielded: peak validation accuracy 70%; MAM Recall 74%; SAM Precision 100%; SAM-as-Normal misclassification rate 0%. These results establish proof-of-concept and provide the empirical rationale for the expanded validation study.

Abstract The transition toward healthier and more sustainable food systems requires not only structural changes in food supply chains, but also increased consumer awareness and food literacy, particularly among younger generations. Within the framework of the FOODCLIC Project, the Food Sustainability Tool (FST) was developed as a digital instrument designed to evaluate food-related behaviours, sustainability perceptions, and dietary patterns. The present study aimed to assess the level of food sustainability awareness among students from the Faculty of Food and Tourism at Transilvania University of Brașov, Romania, using Version 2 (Advanced Version) of the Food Sustainability Tool. The survey was conducted during the 2025–2026 academic year and included 85 university students enrolled in food science, tourism, and hospitality-related programs. The obtained results indicate moderate awareness regarding sustainable nutrition concepts, but also significant inconsistencies between knowledge and daily dietary practices. Approximately 61% of respondents reported frequent consumption of snacks such as sweets, biscuits, or chips between meals, while 38.3% declared that frying was their preferred cooking method. In contrast, only around 17.3% stated that they regularly consider nutritional or food-quality information obtained through media or educational sources when making food choices. The findings also revealed limited attention to the relationship between nutrition and chronic diseases, with only a minority of participants strongly associating dietary habits with long-term health risks. Regarding food consumption behaviour, students showed greater openness toward local and home-prepared foods, while interest in highly processed or ready-made meals remained relatively limited. The survey also highlighted the importance of family influence and educational background in shaping eating habits and sustainability perceptions. Although respondents demonstrated interest in healthier lifestyles, regular implementation of sustainable dietary practices remained inconsistent. The study confirms the potential of digital sustainability assessment tools in higher education environments, both for research and educational purposes. The integration of the Food Sustainability Tool into university activities may contribute to improving food literacy, promoting healthier dietary behaviours, and supporting future professionals in the development of more sustainable food systems within tourism and hospitality sectors.

Abstract The transition toward healthier and more sustainable food systems requires not only structural changes in food supply chains, but also increased consumer awareness and food literacy, particularly among younger generations. Within the framework of the FOODCLIC Project, the Food Sustainability Tool (FST) was developed as a digital instrument designed to evaluate food-related behaviours, sustainability perceptions, and dietary patterns. The present study aimed to assess the level of food sustainability awareness among students from the Faculty of Food and Tourism at Transilvania University of Brașov, Romania, using Version 2 (Advanced Version) of the Food Sustainability Tool. The survey was conducted during the 2025–2026 academic year and included 85 university students enrolled in food science, tourism, and hospitality-related programs. The obtained results indicate moderate awareness regarding sustainable nutrition concepts, but also significant inconsistencies between knowledge and daily dietary practices. Approximately 61% of respondents reported frequent consumption of snacks such as sweets, biscuits, or chips between meals, while 38.3% declared that frying was their preferred cooking method. In contrast, only around 17.3% stated that they regularly consider nutritional or food-quality information obtained through media or educational sources when making food choices. The findings also revealed limited attention to the relationship between nutrition and chronic diseases, with only a minority of participants strongly associating dietary habits with long-term health risks. Regarding food consumption behaviour, students showed greater openness toward local and home-prepared foods, while interest in highly processed or ready-made meals remained relatively limited. The survey also highlighted the importance of family influence and educational background in shaping eating habits and sustainability perceptions. Although respondents demonstrated interest in healthier lifestyles, regular implementation of sustainable dietary practices remained inconsistent. The study confirms the potential of digital sustainability assessment tools in higher education environments, both for research and educational purposes. The integration of the Food Sustainability Tool into university activities may contribute to improving food literacy, promoting healthier dietary behaviours, and supporting future professionals in the development of more sustainable food systems within tourism and hospitality sectors.

Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound generated during food processing and cooking, is a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Elevated MG levels have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. However, the impact of chronic dietary MG exposure on the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains insufficiently understood. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was employed as an alternative animal model to investigate the effects of chronic MG exposure on AD-related toxicity, with particular emphasis on the contribution of aging. Long-term exposure to dietary-relevant concentrations of MG significantly impaired locomotor function and accelerated AD-related phenotypes in aged worms. MG exposure promoted amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, exacerbated paralysis, and increased susceptibility to serotonin-induced behavioral defects, indicating aggravated neuronal dysfunction. Furthermore, MG elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhanced Aβ glycation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MG altered the expression of stress-response genes and disrupted autophagy-related pathways during aging, thereby contributing to impaired clearance of toxic protein aggregates. Notably, treatment with the natural citrus flavonoid nobiletin alleviated MG-induced toxicity and attenuated AD-associated pathological changes. These findings demonstrate that chronic dietary MG exposure can exacerbate AD progression during aging through oxidative stress induction, autophagy disruption, and enhanced Aβ accumulation. The results further suggest that supplementation with natural antioxidants may represent a potential strategy for AD prevention. Additional mechanistic findings and related results will be presented during the talk.

Reference: Wei, C. C.*, et al. (2022). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 70(32), 10011-10021.

Foodborne diseases represent a significant burden on public health as they are estimated to affect one in ten people every year globally [1]. Ensuring consumer food safety is an important aspect of preventing foodborne disease. The Slovenian Consumer Food Safety Study aimed to investigate food safety knowledge and attitudes as well as food handling practices, using a mixed methods approach with a validated online questionnaire (n=1621) and focus groups (n=40). Participants were Slovenian consumers aged 18 years and older representing diverse demographic groups with regard to gender, age, and educational level. From grocery shopping and transportation to storing and preparing food, each step in consumers’ everyday food handling requires consumers to help maintain food safety. Consumers handle food in different ways, have different food safety concerns and experiences with foodborne disease. Our findings show there are several food safety challenges in consumer food handling that can contribute to public health risks. Improvements are needed in the use of insulated bags for transporting perishable foods when grocery shopping, understanding date labels and making informed decisions regarding foods past the indicated date, taking better care about temperatures in the cold and hot chain by measuring refrigerator temperatures as and using a food thermometer when cooking, as well as properly storing leftover foods. The study also confirmed the persistence of risky practices such as washing raw meat and poultry before cooking, which may increase the risk of cross-contamination. The findings highlight priority areas for risk communication and behavior-change interventions targeting consumers. The Consumer Food Safety Study provides valuable data for the development of diverse targeted educational activities aimed to enhance consumer food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices in order to address the burden of foodborne disease on public health as well as contribute to solving other complex problems related to food. After all, consumer food safety is not only a public health issue but is also closely connected with sustainability and different food system challenges from ensuring nutritious food to minimizing food waste. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (“Young Researchers” program - Maja Bensa, research core funding No. P3-0388 and P1-0005). References: WHO: Foodborne diseases. Available at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/foodborne-diseases#tab=tab_2

Institute of Food Science & Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University. Email: kccheng@ntu.edu.tw. Abstract Microbial fermentation has long been adopted for value-added products production. To improve production yield and to achieve desired quality of target products. Our group aims to utilize the fermentation experience including bioreactor design, strain selection, and microbiological engineering to enhance the production of value-added products such as antimicrobials, organic acids, polysaccharides, and enzymes. When it comes to food fermentation, we would concentrate on the development of new food ingredients with enhanced health and functional properties. With our experience on fermentation, food chemistry, microbiology, and animal cell culture, I am confident of developing strategic methods for both functional food production and its function evaluation. Our research team has investigated the health effects of fermented foods made from domestic crops while also using artificial intelligence (A.I.) technology in the precision fermentation of bioactive compounds. Current achievements include the physiological effect of allicin in black garlic, study of reduced salt miso and its inhibition on body fat formation, Chenopodium formosanum fermented beverages and their inhibiting roles in PM2.5-induced inflammation, body fat formation and delayed aging, rice screening for fermentation studies with koji bacteria, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of hops, etc. In the future, our team will continue to utilize agricultural crops with local characteristics to develop fermented products with personalized health benefits and provide value-added food materials for the elderly.

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance in foodborne bacteria demands complementary strategies that both restore antibiotic efficacy and accelerate resistance detection. This presentation integrates two approaches developed for drug-resistant Escherichia coli: inhibition of multidrug efflux and machine learning-assisted analysis of MALDI-TOF mass spectra. First, seaweed-derived and related aromatic compounds were evaluated as efflux pump inhibitors targeting the AcrAB-TolC system. Brown and red seaweed extracts potentiated antibiotic activity and increased intracellular ethidium bromide accumulation, leading to the identification of diphenylmethane as an active compound. Subsequent studies showed that diphenylmethane, ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and selected diphenylmethane-scaffold derivatives reduced antibiotic efflux, enhanced intracellular substrate accumulation, prolonged post-antibiotic effects, and improved the activity of macrolides, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones against AcrB-overexpressing E. coli. Molecular docking supported interactions within the AcrB drug-binding pocket, while membrane-permeability and cytotoxicity assays indicated that selected compounds acted without major membrane disruption and with limited human-cell toxicity. Second, MALDI-TOF MS was combined with machine learning for rapid prediction of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli isolates from food-processing environments. An optimized random forest model achieved cross-validation accuracies of 67–97% across antibiotics and showed high predictive performance for several antibiotic classes when validated using independent food-derived isolates. Together, these studies demonstrate a translational framework linking resistance mechanism, natural-product discovery, mass-spectrometric phenotyping, and artificial intelligence. This combined strategy may support development of antibiotic adjuvants and faster surveillance tools for antimicrobial resistance in food production and public health.

aPh.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. bSchool of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. Email: splin0330@tmu.edu.tw Abstract Kombucha is commonly regarded as a functional fermented beverage, and fruit pomace was evaluated as a co-substrate to modulate its fermentation and concurrently enable bacterial cellulose (BC) production. Sweetened black tea was co-fermented with 1% (w/v) apple, lemon, banana, kiwi, or blueberry pomace, and the resulting beverages and regenerated BC films were characterized in terms of functional metabolites, volatile composition, and bioactivity. The pomace type strongly governed functional outcomes. The blueberry pomace group (BLK) produced the greatest antioxidant enhancement, increased ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities by 63.5% and 26.8%, respectively, relative to the control. Organic-acid profiles markedly differed among pomace groups: the banana pomace group (BAK) increased glucuronic acid to 2.28-fold of the control, the kiwi pomace group (KIK) maximized acetic acid formation (1.95-fold vs. the control), and the BLK yielded the largest succinic acid accumulation (5.20-fold vs. pre-fermentation). Headspace HS-SPME-GC/MS revealed pomace-specific volatile fingerprints, demonstrating systematic shifts in aroma-related compounds across pomace groups rather than uniform flavor intensification. Importantly, pomace-altered kombuchas (PKs) served as effective media for BC biosynthesis, and regenerated films retained the cellulose I diffraction signature while exhibiting pomace-dependent thermal/structural responses. PK-derived BC films displayed significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to control BC, with inhibition zones increased by 1.43-fold against Escherichia coli (lemon pomace group (LK)/BLK), 1.2-fold against Staphylococcus aureus (KIK), and 1.6-fold against Pseudomonas paraeruginosa (BLK). Overall, this dual valorization strategy advances circular bioprocessing by converting juice-processing residues into functionally tailored kombucha and antimicrobial BC biomaterials with potential utility in active food packaging.

High-value fungal health foods often require solid-state fermentation (SSF) to produce active compounds, but traditional SSF faces challenges in substrate handling and process monitoring. This study developed a novel vertical slab-type SSF bioreactor that features simple operation, eliminates the need for mechanical mixing, and accommodates sticky substrates. Additionally, an electronic nose (e-nose) sensor was evaluated to monitor the fermentation process via specific odor changes. Using Monascus purpureus TST for monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK) production, the bioreactor successfully utilized traditional indica rice grains, indica rice flour, and glutinous rice grains. Compared to the routine indica rice substrate, indica rice flour increased MS and AK yields by 1.55- and 2.03-fold, respectively, but increased the citrinin (CT) to MS+AK ratio by 4.26-fold. Markedly, glutinous rice grains significantly increased MS and AK production by 2.49- and 3.31-fold, while reducing the CT to MS+AK ratio to 0.60-fold. Furthermore, the e-nose effectively and reproducibly monitored daily odor changes, distinguishing between different cultivation states. In conclusion, this low-cost bioreactor expands substrate options for SSF. Combined with the e-nose sensor, it provides an innovative strategy for monitoring SSF, overcoming current bottlenecks and establishing a technical foundation for producing high-value fungal health compounds. Key words: solid-state fermentation, bioreactor, Monascus, Monascin, Ankaflavin, electronic nose

Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan. Center for Psycho-Mental Interface Research, China Medical University Hospital. Email: cobol@cmu.edu.tw Abstract The global burden of depression demands novel approaches targeting underlying biological, psychological, and social dysregulations. Depressed patients with chronic low-grade inflammation represent a distinct major depressive disorder (MDD) subgroup, making anti-inflammatory pathways a primary target to improve therapeutic efficacy. Anti-inflammation serves as a core molecular mechanism for various mind-body interventions, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), acupuncture, exercise, and mindfulness. Evolutionary dietary shifts featuring a drastic decline in the n-3 to n-6 PUFA ratio promote chronic systemic inflammation, exacerbating modern depression and medical comorbidities. Furthermore, fine-tuning essential signaling molecules like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), endocannabinoids (eCBs), and melatonin offers a powerful translational strategy to regulate circadian rhythms, neuroplasticity, and blood-brain barrier integrity. This presentation provides an overview of our recent clinical and pre-clinical translational research, highlighting how orchestrating these psychoneuroimmunological pathways can facilitate therapeutic outcomes and offer actionable insights for daily lifestyle interventions in depression.

Precision medicine aims to stratify disease based on individual genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. To advance this goal, we developed an integrated single-cell multi-omics platform, featuring CITE-seq, combinatorial barcoding, and 40+ marker spectral flow cytometry, combined with machine learning for high-resolution immune and microbiome profiling across diverse disease contexts. We can perform single-cell multi-omics analysis to redefine immune cell subsets by revealing key regulatory networks and immune cell dynamics across tissues and disease stages. Using high-dimensional flow cytometry with two 13-marker panels, we longitudinally profiled 18 immune cell subsets across lymphoid and myeloid compartments in an AAV-mPCSK9-induced murine atherosclerosis model. We identified daily administration of Bacillus subtilis natto NTU-18 significantly reduced aortic lesion burden without altering serum cholesterol. Further immune profiling revealed dynamic T-cell reprogramming, including transient CD44⁺ trained CD8⁺ expansion and sustained enrichment of CD25⁺CD4⁺ regulatory T cells. These findings suggest that B. subtilis natto NTU-18 mitigates atherosclerosis through immune modulation rather than lipid lowering. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we performed high-dimensional immune profiling of peripheral blood by spectral flow cytometry analysis from healthy donors and treatment-naïve PDAC patients. Over 70 immune subsets were delineated, uncovering stage-dependent remodeling marked by effector/memory T cell expansion and depletion of naïve/regulatory subsets. CD95 and CD45RA emerged as robust classifiers (AUC > 0.8) in machine learning models and were validated in public scRNA-seq datasets, supporting the utility of immune phenotyping in PDAC diagnosis and monitoring. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), we show that early colonization with Parabacteroides goldsteinii in LRRK2G2019S germ-free mice improved motor performance, reduced neuroinflammation, and limited α-synuclein pathology. Mechanistically, P. goldsteinii restored gut homeostasis via suppression of TLR4 signaling, expansion of anti-inflammatory CD4⁺CD8αα⁺ intraepithelial T cells, upregulation of tight junction genes, and enhancement of mitochondrial bioenergetics.Collectively, these studies highlight the power of single-cell multi-omics and machine learning to uncover disease-modifying immune and microbial networks, offering potentials for precision diagnostics and therapeutics.

The gut microbiome is a critical regulator of metabolic homeostasis, making probiotics a key therapeutic target for obesity and related metabolic disorders. This study presents clinical and manufacturing advances in two key probiotic models: Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 and Akkermansia muciniphila. A four-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (n=59) in overweight and obese individuals demonstrated that L. plantarum GKM3 supplementation significantly improves gastrointestinal symptoms, increases fecal lipid excretion, and modulates gut microbiota by enriching beneficial genera (Akkermansia, Lactobacillus) while reducing obesity-associated taxa. Parallel research focused on the industrial-scale production of A. muciniphila. Utilizing a proprietary mucin-free fermentation medium and metabolomics-guided optimization, we achieved high-density cultivation in a 5-ton bioreactor, yielding 3.3 × 10¹⁰ AFU/mL within 25 hours (lyophilized: 9.8 × 10¹¹ AFU/g). Furthermore, A. muciniphila supernatant demonstrated significant GLP-1 secretion-promoting activity, suggesting its potential for managing blood glucose and weight. Together, these findings demonstrate an integrated pipeline capable of translating clinical discovery into large-scale, market-ready probiotic solutions.

No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 106319, Taiwan Abstract: Precision nutrition requires data-driven approaches to characterize food materials beyond conventional nutrient composition and to connect complex phytochemical profiles with health-promoting potential. Coffee husk, also known as cascara, is a major byproduct of coffee processing and contains diverse bioactive compounds that may be valorized as sustainable functional food ingredients. In this study, an AI-assisted non-targeted metabolomics platform based on UHPLC–ESI–HRMS was established to decode the bioactive signatures of coffee husk from different cultivars and processing conditions. Tandem MS data were interpreted using SIRIUS-assisted molecular formula prediction and structure annotation, while machine learning was applied to analyze high-dimensional metabolomics data, reveal cultivar- and processing-dependent metabolic patterns, and identify discriminative phytochemical features associated with functional potential. A total of 148 bioactive compounds were putatively annotated, including alkaloids, chlorogenic acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. The phytochemical profiles were substantially influenced by cultivar and processing, particularly in the distribution of chlorogenic acids and flavonoids. Thermal treatment and fermentation reduced alkaloid levels, whereas fermentation promoted the formation of chlorogenic acid isomers and increased chemical diversity. Coffee husk extracts also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, supporting their potential application as functional ingredients for precision health. This study demonstrates that AI-enabled HRMS metabolomics can transform agricultural byproducts into chemically defined and functionally interpretable food resources. By integrating big data analytics, molecular annotation, and bioactivity assessment, this framework supports precision nutrition, circular agriculture, and One Health-oriented sustainable food innovation.

1 Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan,2 Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 3 Center of Analysis and Technology Extension for Bio-products, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan 4 Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 5 Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. ABSTRACT Plant molecular farming has emerged as a promising platform for the rapid and cost-effective production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals with eukaryotic post-translational modifications. We developed an improved Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV)-based transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana for producing therapeutic proteins and viral antigens. Through vector optimization, incorporation of a native extensin-derived secretory signal (SSExt), the hydroxyproline-rich (SP)10 glycomodule, and cleavable linker strategies, we significantly enhanced protein accumulation, secretion, glycosylation, purification efficiency, and the biological activity of recombinant human interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which exhibited potent antiviral activity against both Sindbis virus (SINV) and Influenza A virus (IAV). Using this optimized platform, we produced the glycosylated Gn antigen of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) and established a highly sensitive and specific plant-based ELISA for serological diagnosis. Furthermore, recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and successfully purified, further demonstrating the versatility of the BaMV-based expression system for the rapid production of viral antigens applicable to precision diagnostics and vaccine development. Collectively, these advances provide a scalable and versatile strategy for the rapid production of recombinant biologics to address emerging infectious diseases.

1 Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.) 2 Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)

Abstract The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, comprising staple foods from domesticated cereal crops, feed grasses, and sources of phytochemicals. To explore the profiles of phytochemicals in Poaceae, this study performed untargeted screening using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) and visualized and organized metabolomic data by molecular networking. The molecular network is used to predict the structures of unknown compounds and to improve the annotation rates by grouping compounds into molecular families based on KEGG metabolic pathways. To verify the identification of node compounds, the resulting data were deconvoluted to resolve mass spectral features and subjected to targeted analysis by comparing with databases and authentic standards, thereby establishing molecular network relationships. We have identified 159 plant metabolites, including 58 flavonoids, 22 phenolic acids, 11 fatty acids and their derivatives, 9 amino acids and their derivatives, 8 phenolamides, 7 organic acids, and 6 anthocyanins. The model developed in this study serves as a tool to explore metabolite accumulation in barley, rice, wheat, oat, rye, millet, napiergrass, and sasagrass plants and to assist in developing health-promoting plant-based bioactive ingredients.

Plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds that offer significant potential in managing obesity and its severe associated complications. The phytochemical profiles of these plants vary considerably depending on the species, tissue type, and ripening stage, which in turn dictate their distinct biological activities. Successfully leveraging these phytochemicals heavily relies on drying techniques and extraction methodologies. Therefore, this research investigates how these processing variables impact the in vitro antioxidant capacities and downstream cellular efficacies of specific Citrus and Hedychium coronarium variants.

Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen capable of surviving under diverse environmental stresses, growing at refrigeration temperatures, and forming biofilms, making its control challenging in food processing environments. Plasma-activated water (PAW) has emerged as a promising non-thermal antimicrobial technology; however, its cellular and molecular mechanisms against L. monocytogenes remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes our recent findings on the antimicrobial effects of PAW on planktonic and biofilm-associated cells, with particular emphasis on cellular damage, induction of the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and proteomic responses. Increasing plasma activation progressively decreased pH while increasing oxidation-reduction potential, electrical conductivity, and reactive nitrogen species. PAW treatment significantly reduced planktonic and sessile cells and caused membrane disruption, intracellular DNA and protein leakage, and structural damage. Planktonic cells were generally more susceptible than biofilm-associated cells. Importantly, culture-based and flow cytometry analyses indicated that sublethal PAW exposure could induce L. monocytogenes into a VBNC state, highlighting the importance of combining culture-based and viability-based methods for evaluating antimicrobial efficacy. Proteomic analyses revealed extensive cellular adaptation following PAW treatment, involving oxidative stress, ribosomal function, carbohydrate transport, energy metabolism, cell wall remodeling, lipid metabolism, and DNA repair. High-intensity PAW particularly affected the phosphotransferase system and energy metabolism while inducing proteins associated with membrane reconstruction and stress adaptation. Overall, PAW exerts multifaceted antimicrobial effects through oxidative and nitrosative stress, membrane damage, metabolic disruption, and proteomic remodeling, ultimately reducing cellular culturability and potentially inducing the VBNC state. These findings provide mechanistic insights for optimizing PAW as a sustainable intervention against persistent L. monocytogenes contamination in food processing environments.

Biography: Professor Tai-Yuan Chen is Director of the Department of Food Science and the Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management at National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU), Taiwan. His research interests encompass marine food chemistry, non-thermal food processing, and the proteomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes. He has expertise liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and proteomics, and has been invited to deliver presentations at international conferences worldwide. Professor Chen received his Ph.D. from NTOU in 2003, where his doctoral research focused on species-specific protein identification in pufferfish using one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. He subsequently joined the Institute of Biological Chemistry at Academia Sinica, where he conducted research on allergen identification and characterization using integrated 2-DE, Western blotting (WB), and LC–MS/MS approaches. In 2009, Professor Chen returned to NTOU and has since contributed extensively to teaching, research, and academic leadership. He has served in leadership positions in both the Department of Food Science and the Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, where he currently serves as Director. His research integrates food chemistry, advanced analytical proteomics, and emerging non-thermal processing technologies to address food safety and quality challenges, particularly those associated with seafood and foodborne pathogens.

Abstract This study integrates microbial fermentation, bioactive compound identification, functional validation, and in silico simulation to develop Taiwan-specific fermented bioresources. Chenopodium formosanum and Ganoderma formosanum were used as representative materials, and solid-state, submerged, and immobilized repeated-batch fermentation were applied to enhance the production of bioactive peptides, organic acids, aromatic compounds, and anti-melanogenic metabolites. Functional activities were evaluated using models related to PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, non-replicative aging, melanogenesis, and pulmonary fibrosis. LC–MS/MS, RNA-seq, qPCR, and immunoblotting were used to clarify regulatory mechanisms involving NF-κB, Nrf2, TGF-β, and tyrosinase pathways. Multiple-ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulations further supported the interpretation of target binding, interaction stability, and possible synergistic effects. This work provides a fermentation- and in silico-guided framework for developing functional foods and natural bioactive compounds targeting healthy aging, pulmonary protection, and skin health.

Presenting author's email address: huatsunglin@niu.edu.tw (Hua-Tsung Lin) Abstract: Rice is Taiwan's staple food and main crop. Taiwan also grows many other grains, such as buckwheat and soybeans. To promote whole-food utilization and the valorization and nutritional enhancement of sustainable agro-products via integrated processing techniques, this study investigated the modification of rice, buckwheat, and okara in Taiwan, evaluating changes in starch properties, physicochemical properties, and nutritional values. Using broken rice and various rice varieties, crackers with different textures were produced. For innovative applications, rice flour was combined with okara to formulate high-fiber rice waffles, and also used in electrospinning to generate biodegradable films. To meet the needs of elderly people with dysphagia, puffing processing technology adjusted rice flour to a honey-like rheological consistency. Specifically, Kaohsiung 147 japonica rice ensured structural formation through its high viscosity, while glutinous rice improved elasticity. Furthermore, air-flow milling technology enhanced the viscoelasticity of rice flour, and ultrasound treatment micronized okara to improve waffle sensory attributes. For emergency foods, enzymatic treatment combined with hot-air drying yielded instant whole-grain rice with excellent rehydration. Regarding Tartary buckwheat, controlled parboiling treatment minimized breakage during dehulling. Wet milling improved water retention in plant-based beverages to 49.1% compared with dry milling, reducing sedimentation and improving stability. Lastly, modification of Tartary buckwheat via pullulanase and transglucosidase successfully lowered the breakage rate of gluten-free Tartary buckwheat noodles to 23.33% and preserved bioactive components like rutin. Overall, these processing technologies successfully valorize sustainable local agricultural resources to meet nutritional needs, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Presenter: Kuan-Ju Chen, Ph.D. University of Guam, College of Natural & Applied Sciences, Mangilao, Guam, USA chenkj@triton.uog.edu Abstract: Farmers and agricultural communities in Guam and the broader Micronesian region operate within geographically isolated island environments characterized by limited resources, small markets, climate-related disruptions, and challenges in accessing specialized services. Understanding the diverse needs of these communities is essential for developing targeted, culturally responsive approaches to health promotion and community well-being. The University of Guam Farmer Focus Program uses community-based assessments to identify farmer and farmworker stressors and translate findings into targeted Extension and behavioral health outreach while strengthening regional partnerships across Pacific Island communities. This presentation examines lessons learned from Farmer Focus activities and studies conducted in Guam and the Micronesian region and considers their relevance to precision health. Through farmer-centered needs assessments, educational outreach, regional conferences, workshops, and partnerships with agricultural, health, and community organizations, the program identifies locally relevant challenges and connects farmers and farmworkers with information and resources addressing agricultural production, occupational well-being, behavioral health awareness, and community resilience. The Farmer Focus experience suggests that precision health approaches in small-island communities should extend beyond individualized clinical interventions to incorporate place, occupation, culture, socioeconomic conditions, and community networks. Community-based Extension systems can serve as an important bridge connecting research, health education, agriculture, and underserved populations. Lessons from Guam and Micronesia demonstrate the potential for integrating locally generated evidence with interdisciplinary partnerships to develop more targeted, accessible, and culturally responsive health and wellness interventions for agricultural communities throughout the Pacific.

Abstract Cold plasma, an emerging non-thermal processing technology, offers chemical-free, low-energy, and ambient-temperature operation, making it a key pathway toward green food processing. Our research team has established a precisely controlled plasma sterilization platform that ensures food safety while preserving quality, and has pioneered the use of atmospheric cold plasma for pesticide residue degradation, mycotoxin removal, and acrylamide reduction, comprehensively enhancing food safety. In allergen elimination, we achieved several world-first results, demonstrating that argon plasma effectively reduces the immunoreactivity of the peanut allergen Ara h 1, and being the first to compare the processing efficiency of plasmas generated from different gases, revealing the critical role of reactive oxygen species. We further pioneered the integration of plasma into the peanut roasting process, reducing Ara h 1 antigenicity by up to 91%. Beyond this, the team has extended the technology to plasma-activated water for regulating seed germination gene expression, detoxification of agricultural waste hydrolysates, and starch modification. Together, these advances balance food safety, sensory quality, and resource sustainability, providing innovative and environmentally friendly solutions that lead the global development of food plasma technology.

電漿技術於食品綠色加工之應用：從食品安全到永續再利用 丁俞文 電漿作為新世代非熱加工技術，具有無化學殘留、低能耗與常溫操作等特性，正逐漸成為食品綠色加工的關鍵途徑。本研究團隊建立精準可控的電漿殺菌平台，在確保食品安全的同時兼顧品質保存，並率先將常溫電漿應用於農藥殘留降解、黴菌毒素去除與丙烯酰胺減量，全面提升食品安全等級。在過敏原去除方面取得多項國際首見成果，證實氬氣電漿可有效降低花生過敏原 Ara h 1 之免疫反應性，並首次比較不同氣體電漿之加工效率，揭示活性氧在加工中的關鍵作用；更領先將電漿導入烘烤花生製程，使 Ara h 1 抗原性最高降低達 91%。此外，團隊亦將技術拓展至電漿活化水調控種子發芽基因表現、農業廢棄物水解液解毒，以及澱粉物化性質改質等前沿綠色應用，兼顧食品安全、感官品質與資源永續。整體研究成果為食品產業的綠色轉型提供創新且環境友善的解決方案，並引領全球食品電漿技術的發展方向。

Leveraging precision liquid fermentation technology, this study investigates Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelia (SS-MN4) as a novel nutraceutical for combating age-related muscle atrophy and exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). In animal models, SS-MN4 achieved a 111.2% recovery in gastrocnemius muscle mass and an 89.1% improvement in treadmill motor function, outperforming BCAA in resistance training metrics such as grip strength and endurance. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trial (N=58) demonstrated that daily supplementation of 500 mg of SS-MN4 significantly attenuates EIMD, reducing serum creatine kinase by 22% and urinary 3-methylhistidine by 16%. Furthermore, SS-MN4 accelerated neuromuscular recovery by up to 18% and optimized neuroendocrine profiles, specifically through significant growth hormone spikes and testosterone preservation. Notably, while the bioactive compound hispidin supports muscle endurance, the full SS-MN4 complex uniquely remodels the gut microbiome to support an enhanced recovery phenotype. These findings position precision-fermented SS-MN4 as a potent, multi-functional tool for optimizing muscle mass, physical performance, and systemic recovery.